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Muslim Empires Student Activity • You should have taken notes on your own from at least pages 150-152. – Compare your notes to Ms. Cenname’s to make sure you a proficient at taking your own notes The Caliphs • Muslim leader= caliphs • Question of Succession – Question over who should rule Islamic community following Muhammad’s death – Abu Bakr • Muhammad’s advisor • Members of this group became Sunnis (85% of Muslims) – Ali Muhammad son in-law • Some believed that the successor should be a relative • Members of this group became Shia • The “Rightly Guided Caliphs” – Caliphs of the early Arab Muslim Empire – Each had close ties to Muhammad • Umayyad Dynasty – Found first Muslim dynasty – Arab Muslim empire reached its greatest size • The “Rightly Guided Caliphs” – Caliphs of the early Arab Muslim Empire – Each had close ties to Muhammad – Capital in Media • Umayyad Dynasty – Found first Muslim dynasty – Arab Muslim empire reached its greatest size – Capital in Damascus • The Abbasid Dynasty – Over threw Umayyads in 750 – Capital in Baghdad – Caliph killed in 1258 by Mongol invaders Non- Arab Muslim Empires • Mongol invasion ended the caliphate and the golden age of Islamic civilization • The leaders of individual non-Arab Muslim states called themselves “sultans “ • The Ottoman Empire – Largest non-Arab Muslim state – 1300s-1900s • The Safavid Empire – 1500s Persia (modern day Iran) – Shias – Persian painting architecture, carpet weaving, and metal working blossomed Islam in India • Traders introduced Islam to India in the 700s • 200 years later Turkish invaders in n. India began a long period of Muslim rule • The Delhi Sultanate – 1206 – Lasted for 300 years, overthrown by Hindu rebellions and Mongol invasions • The Mughal Empire (Mongol) – 1526 – Expanded Muslim rule over nearly all of India • Founding of Sikhism – Influenced by Hinduism and Islam – Teaches monotheism and reincarnation – Today there are 24 million Sikhs in the world