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Ch. 14 The Roman Republic Section 1 The Government 2 consuls were at the head of the republic (1-year terms) They were administrators and military leaders Each had a power to veto and both had to agree before any law was passed Senate was next in importance Made up of 300 men, chosen for life, that handled the daily problems of gov’t and advised the consuls It discussed ways to deal with other countries, proposed public laws, and approved contracts for building roads/temples Judges, assemblies, and tribunes were next below the Senate All Roman citizens (except plebeians) belonged to the assemblies Assemblies could also declare war or agree to peace terms Judges made sure citizens followed laws and they sentenced criminals They also had the power/ability to appeal death sentences in certain cases Tribunes kept the rest of the gov’t in check and looked out for the rights of other plebeians The laws of the Twelve Tables were mostly about wills, property rights, and court actions Over time, Rome’s government became more democratic and people could no longer be sold into slavery because of debt and plebeians could also hold public office Section 2 Roman Expansion To protect their new boundaries, Romans either conquered their neighbors or made alliances with them By 146 B.C., Rome ruled most of the Mediterranean world Able to gain territory because of their strong army, which was organized into legions, divisions of Roman soldiers Each legion contained approx 5,000 legionaries, or soldiers Advantages of a legion- since the legion was smaller than a phalanx it could move faster, groups within a legion could branch off and fight in any direction (phalanx didn’t) The Romans were mild rulers At first they did not tax the people they conquered Also let conquered people keep their own govt’s and take care of their own affairs Some even allowed to become Roman citizens In return, the conquered people were expected to serve in the Roman army and to support Rome’s foreign policy as well (many enemies became loyal allies to Rome as a result)