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Name _________________________________________________________ Evolution.Study Guide .Foldable Date ___________ Evolution Study Guide Foldable An English naturalist who, along with Alfred Russell Wallace, developed the theory of evolution through natural selection. It is this name that is most closely associated with the theory of evolution. Species A change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. Adaptation The means by which evolution takes place. Organisms that are best adapted survive. Nature “selects” organisms with helpful traits. Those with harmful traits do not usually survive to reproduce. Overpopulation Differences among individuals in a species. The interaction between organisms striving for the same goals: food, water, space, mates, etc. Selection 1 The geographical separation of one population of a species from another. Fossil Rock formed by the laying down of sediments – particles of sand and rock carried most often by water. Dating Methods Reading the layers of sediment to determine the oldest and youngest fossils. The oldest fossils are usually in the bottom layer; the youngest in the upper layers. Absolute Dating Organisms that no longer live on Earth. Fossil Record Geologic Time Scale A change in a species over time through natural selection. 2 Gradualism Evolution that takes place rapidly especially as a result of a catastrophic environmental event. Ways to show evolutionary relationships Structures that are similar in form but different in use such as the flipper of a whale and the wing of a bird. Branching Tree 3