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Evolution: Evidence for Evolution Evidence for Evolution 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ 4. __________________________ Fossils • Fossils are the ______________ of organisms that lived in the past. • Usually found in ______________________ rock • Can be relatively _______________ by their ______________ in the rock ___________ (strata). o Law of __________________________: The __________ the layer, the _________ the fossil in it is. The Fossil Record • The fossil record provides _______________ of the past that illustrate evolutionary _____________. • The picture may be smudged in places and may have bits _______________, but fossil evidence clearly shows that life has _______________ over time. Transitional Fossils • Fossils that show the ____________________ states between an _______________ form and its _____________________. • There are numerous examples of transitional forms in the fossil record, providing __________________ for ____________ over time. Evolution of the Whale Anatomy Two types of anatomical structures: • __________________ ______________________ body parts of different organisms that have similar structures, evolutionary ______________ and patterns of _____________________. o They indicate relationships ________________ living forms • ____________________ structures are body parts of ________________ organisms that have similar ______________ o But are different in _________________ and ______________ Homologous Structures Analogous Structures • The ________________ on a bat’s wing and a dragon fly’s _________. Vestigial Structures • ___________________ structures have no __________________. • An organ that is _______________ in a living organism was ________________ by some _________________ of that organism Examples of Vestigial Structures • The human _________________ – much larger in __________ eating animals. • _________ in blind fish – develop than begin ________________. • The human ______________ (___________) – remnants of a _______ • ____________ of flightless birds - useless for _________ such as the Ostrich and Emu • _________ in a whale o Remnants from a _________ legged, _________ dwelling ancestor. Embryology • The early stages of _____________________ of many animals with backbones are so __________________ that they can be hard to tell apart. • The same group of ____________________ cells develop in the same __________ and in similar ____________. Biochemistry • All living cells show a basic similarity in their _____________ o All cells use ___________ in the storage and transfer of ______________ o All cells store _________________ information in the form of ______________ _________ o All living cells contain specialized ________________ called _____________ • The more closely ______________ two organisms are, the more similar their cell _______________ is. o Therefore, ____________ related species will have _____________ DNA sequences.