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Transcript
Classification Evolution & The Ocean • Evolution: change • Revolutionaries: Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace Darwin’s Main Points: 1. In any group of organisms, more offspring are produced than can survive to reproductive age. 2. Random variations occur in all organisms. 3. Some traits increase probability that organisms possessing them will survive. (Favorable Traits) Darwin’s Main Points: 4. Because bearers of favorable traits are more likely to survive, they are also more likely to reproduce successfully than bearers of unfavorable traits. Thus favorable traits tend to accumulate in the population; they are selected. Darwin’s Main Points: 5. They physical and biological (natural) environment itself does the selection. Favorable traits are retained because they contribute to the organism’s success in its environment. These traits show up more often in succeeding generations if the environment stays the same. If the environment changes, other traits become favorable. Theory of Evolution & Natural Selection • How do entirely new traits come about? – Spontaneous mutations • Mostly unfavorable – Tuna example *Special Note* • Although mutations occur randomly, evolution by natural selection is anything but random. Evolution & Natural Selection • • • • Organisms don’t want to change Individual organisms don’t evolve Happens over generations Adaptations occur