Ecological Speciation
... Chapman and A. P. Hendry report that, despite strong divergent selection, lake and stream stickleback from the Misty watershed do not exhibit positive assortative mate choice in laboratory experiments. These results are in contrast to the strong assortative mating observed in similar studies of othe ...
... Chapman and A. P. Hendry report that, despite strong divergent selection, lake and stream stickleback from the Misty watershed do not exhibit positive assortative mate choice in laboratory experiments. These results are in contrast to the strong assortative mating observed in similar studies of othe ...
Geographically patterned variation in diapause and its relationship
... the loci underlying traits. This critique coincided with growing awareness of Neutral Theory and increased understanding that much biological diversity does not evolve by natural selection (Kimura and Crow, 1964). Evolutionary biology has advanced with a stronger recognition that demonstrating herit ...
... the loci underlying traits. This critique coincided with growing awareness of Neutral Theory and increased understanding that much biological diversity does not evolve by natural selection (Kimura and Crow, 1964). Evolutionary biology has advanced with a stronger recognition that demonstrating herit ...
The evolution of conspecific gamete precedence and its effect on
... Mating twice has two consequences. First, if a female mates with two males from her own population (conspecific males, e.g. a B1 female mating with two C1 males), the cross has higher fertility (relative fitness of 1) than when she mates with two heterospecific males (relative fitness for this matin ...
... Mating twice has two consequences. First, if a female mates with two males from her own population (conspecific males, e.g. a B1 female mating with two C1 males), the cross has higher fertility (relative fitness of 1) than when she mates with two heterospecific males (relative fitness for this matin ...
the biology of speciation
... the framework developed previously by Coyne and Orr (1989) for assessing the relative importance of different forms of isolation. We conclude by recommending that future speciation studies examine the contribution of all potential isolating barriers, whether they are caused by ecological or nonecolo ...
... the framework developed previously by Coyne and Orr (1989) for assessing the relative importance of different forms of isolation. We conclude by recommending that future speciation studies examine the contribution of all potential isolating barriers, whether they are caused by ecological or nonecolo ...
list of abstracts
... show that sex in an algal prey provides a direct fitness benefit by combining different beneficial mutations - for increased growth rates and grazing resistance - into one genome, whereas asexual populations suffer trade-offs in these traits. We also found that sexual prey populations evolved to hig ...
... show that sex in an algal prey provides a direct fitness benefit by combining different beneficial mutations - for increased growth rates and grazing resistance - into one genome, whereas asexual populations suffer trade-offs in these traits. We also found that sexual prey populations evolved to hig ...
Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up
... are sidestepped because selection either acts directly on loci influencing habitat choice (directly producing assortative mating) or influences other mechanisms that produce assortative mating pleiotropically19,20,22. In addition to this new emphasis on pleiotropy, it was again shown that physical l ...
... are sidestepped because selection either acts directly on loci influencing habitat choice (directly producing assortative mating) or influences other mechanisms that produce assortative mating pleiotropically19,20,22. In addition to this new emphasis on pleiotropy, it was again shown that physical l ...
Soft and hard selection on plant defence traits in Arabidopsis thaliana
... of the size of the patch, patches with higher fitness contribute substantially more individuals to the subsequent generation under a model of hard selection (Via and Lande, 1985; Gomulkiewicz et al., 2000). The mode of population regulation determines which model of selection, soft or hard, is appro ...
... of the size of the patch, patches with higher fitness contribute substantially more individuals to the subsequent generation under a model of hard selection (Via and Lande, 1985; Gomulkiewicz et al., 2000). The mode of population regulation determines which model of selection, soft or hard, is appro ...
The Natures of Selection
... Are drift and selection forces? It is best not to phrase the question as bluntly as this. Instead, one should simply ask in what respects drift and selection resemble Newtonian forces, and in what ways they differ, paying attention all the time to the dangers of a seductive metaphor. Christopher Ste ...
... Are drift and selection forces? It is best not to phrase the question as bluntly as this. Instead, one should simply ask in what respects drift and selection resemble Newtonian forces, and in what ways they differ, paying attention all the time to the dangers of a seductive metaphor. Christopher Ste ...
Sympatric speciation: when is it possible
... which allows the estimation of the conditions of stable polymorphism. We shall consider a simple case of two resources to illustrate the possibility of such selection. Assume that all the individuals are able to utilize both resources, but small size gives an advantage in a competition for one of th ...
... which allows the estimation of the conditions of stable polymorphism. We shall consider a simple case of two resources to illustrate the possibility of such selection. Assume that all the individuals are able to utilize both resources, but small size gives an advantage in a competition for one of th ...
Adaptive Speciation: Epilogue
... gets it and we all get over it” (Bush 1998). Indeed, it is now the widely accepted common wisdom that most evolutionary diversification occurred according to the allopatric speciation scenario. However, even though allopatric speciation, with its apparent simplicity, is an intuitively appealing idea ...
... gets it and we all get over it” (Bush 1998). Indeed, it is now the widely accepted common wisdom that most evolutionary diversification occurred according to the allopatric speciation scenario. However, even though allopatric speciation, with its apparent simplicity, is an intuitively appealing idea ...
Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural
... within and across different studies, and for different trait types. This suggests that viability selection may typically be weaker than other components of selection in most natural populations (Hoekstra et al. 2001; Siepielski et al. 2011). However, demographic analyses of elasticities indicate tha ...
... within and across different studies, and for different trait types. This suggests that viability selection may typically be weaker than other components of selection in most natural populations (Hoekstra et al. 2001; Siepielski et al. 2011). However, demographic analyses of elasticities indicate tha ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... Kondrashov and Mina (1986) and Tauber and Tauber (1989) compared theoretical investigations of sympaWic speciation with data collected from naturally occurring populations of insects, fish and molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversific ...
... Kondrashov and Mina (1986) and Tauber and Tauber (1989) compared theoretical investigations of sympaWic speciation with data collected from naturally occurring populations of insects, fish and molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversific ...
Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits
... in allopatry, usually in isolated springs and spring streams on high mountain elevation. These finding definitely suggest some kind of runaway coevolution coupled and enforced by cryptic fe- ...
... in allopatry, usually in isolated springs and spring streams on high mountain elevation. These finding definitely suggest some kind of runaway coevolution coupled and enforced by cryptic fe- ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
Speciation Speciation Speciation Speciation
... In this case, heavy metal tolerance has evolved recently, during which time the species has always had a continuous distribution. Therefore, parapatric speciation processes can be inferred. In most other cases, however, it is difficult to know whether a species that is currently parapatric may have ...
... In this case, heavy metal tolerance has evolved recently, during which time the species has always had a continuous distribution. Therefore, parapatric speciation processes can be inferred. In most other cases, however, it is difficult to know whether a species that is currently parapatric may have ...
Assortative Fertilization in the Elegans-Group of
... reproductively isolated from other species (Mayr, 1942; Dobzhansky, 1970). Reproductive isolation encompasses all genetic mechanisms that inhibit or restrict gene flow between co-existing populations (Dobzhansky, 1970; Mayr 1963). Evolutionary biologists have focused on genes coding for characterist ...
... reproductively isolated from other species (Mayr, 1942; Dobzhansky, 1970). Reproductive isolation encompasses all genetic mechanisms that inhibit or restrict gene flow between co-existing populations (Dobzhansky, 1970; Mayr 1963). Evolutionary biologists have focused on genes coding for characterist ...
(1904–2005) Ernst Mayr and the integration of geographic and
... is eroded by gene flow. Second, ecological shifts that expose populations to divergent natural selection will accelerate genetic divergence, and thus the process of by-product speciation. Speciation is accelerated because ecological traits under divergent selection, or traits that are genetically-co ...
... is eroded by gene flow. Second, ecological shifts that expose populations to divergent natural selection will accelerate genetic divergence, and thus the process of by-product speciation. Speciation is accelerated because ecological traits under divergent selection, or traits that are genetically-co ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
... survival of those individuals that do indeed successfully migrate to the foreign habitat (Table 1). This biological difference can be further appreciated by the fact that habitat-associated preference and viability traits may often result from different genes, as reflected in their treatment as inde ...
... survival of those individuals that do indeed successfully migrate to the foreign habitat (Table 1). This biological difference can be further appreciated by the fact that habitat-associated preference and viability traits may often result from different genes, as reflected in their treatment as inde ...
Genetic correlations between adults and larvae in a marine fish
... Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been demonstrated conclusively in laboratory settings (Conover and Munch 2002). However, the full extent of evolutionary responses to fishery selection in natural populations may be com ...
... Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been demonstrated conclusively in laboratory settings (Conover and Munch 2002). However, the full extent of evolutionary responses to fishery selection in natural populations may be com ...
Patterns and Power of Phenotypic Selection in Nature
... An alternative approach to estimating selection, dubbed “phenotypic engineering,” involves experimentally manipulating phenotypic traits and evaluating the effects of the manipulation on subsequent fitness in natural environments, relative to appropriate controls (Sinervo and Basolo 1996). This meth ...
... An alternative approach to estimating selection, dubbed “phenotypic engineering,” involves experimentally manipulating phenotypic traits and evaluating the effects of the manipulation on subsequent fitness in natural environments, relative to appropriate controls (Sinervo and Basolo 1996). This meth ...
Probabilistic causation and the explanatory role of natural selection
... natural selection is that it explains the propagation of new mutant traits (and lost of the wild-type) and the maintenance of the wildtype traits (and lost of the new mutants) in nature. Nevertheless, at the same time that they are the most accepted explananda of natural selection, they are rarely a ...
... natural selection is that it explains the propagation of new mutant traits (and lost of the wild-type) and the maintenance of the wildtype traits (and lost of the new mutants) in nature. Nevertheless, at the same time that they are the most accepted explananda of natural selection, they are rarely a ...
PeterMoranPhDThesis - St Andrews Research Repository
... females are sterile in both cross directions, while hybrid males are relatively fertile. This provides a rare exception to Haldane’s rule which is central to many genetic theories of speciation. Established theory predicts that X chromosomes should play a pronounced role in the evolution of both pre ...
... females are sterile in both cross directions, while hybrid males are relatively fertile. This provides a rare exception to Haldane’s rule which is central to many genetic theories of speciation. Established theory predicts that X chromosomes should play a pronounced role in the evolution of both pre ...
Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... leaves it. Furthermore, each litter is in competition with the other litters in adjacent territories ...
... leaves it. Furthermore, each litter is in competition with the other litters in adjacent territories ...
Chapter 6
... As detailed below, the classic interpretation of Fisher’s theorem, along with both versions of Robertson’s theorem and the breeder’s equation, are all approximations (albeit often good ones), not formal mathematical theorems. In contrast, Price’s general expression for any type of selection response ...
... As detailed below, the classic interpretation of Fisher’s theorem, along with both versions of Robertson’s theorem and the breeder’s equation, are all approximations (albeit often good ones), not formal mathematical theorems. In contrast, Price’s general expression for any type of selection response ...
Mate choice
Mate choice or intersexual selection is an evolutionary process in which selection, normally of a male mate by a female chooser, is dependent on the attractiveness of his phenotypic traits. It is one of two components of sexual selection (the other being intrasexual selection). Charles Darwin first introduced his ideas on sexual selection in 1871 but they were initially rejected. Ronald Fisher then developed the idea in his 1915 paper The evolution of sexual preference outlined the Fisherian runaway theory in 1930. Advances in genetic and molecular biology techniques have accompanied major progress in this field recently.Five currently recognized mechanisms, which can co-occur, and for each of which there are many examples, explain the evolution of mate choice.In systems where mate choice exists, one sex is competitive with same-sex members and the other sex is choosy (selective when it comes to picking individuals to mate with). In most species, females are the choosy sex that discriminate amongst competitive males but there are several examples of reversed roles (see below).