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For the cells that make up your body and the body of every other living thing to survive they must be constantly at work. Never a dull moment in a cell. For everything to run smoothly, some important processes must be in place. If they don’t work, you don’t work!!! How do materials move into & out of cells? Small particles move into & out of a cell by one of 2 processes: passive transport or active transport. Movement of Small Particles Passive Transport: the movement of dissolved materials across the cell membrane without using the cell’s energy (ATP) - particles move from an area high concentration to an area of low concentration Includes: Osmosis Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis: the diffusion of water across a cell membrane Diffusion : the movement of particles, through the membrane’s lipid molecules, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Facilitated Diffusion: the movement of particles, through protein channels, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Active Transport: particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration through proteins embedded in the cell membrane. This process does require energy (ATP). Movement of Large Particles Endocytosis: cell membrane surrounds a particle & encloses it in a vesicle and is brought into the cell Exocytosis: vesicle forms at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and carry the particles to the cell membrane for export from the cell