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Harrison 1 Rachel Harrison September 21, 2013 7 modes: Definition Conditioning There are many theories that are incorporated in Behaviorism. What could be demonstrated as the main one would be conditioning. The theory of conditioning was introduced by a non-psychologist Ivan P. Pavlov. Conditioning is a form of learning; one that focuses on a person’s behavior and utilizes stimuli or controlled environments in order to obtain conditioned responses from the participants (Ciccarelli). This theory is on that can be used in all areas of psychology. Conditioning is a behavioral process where a response becomes more frequent or more predictable in a given environment as a result of reinforcement. Reinforcements are typically a stimulus or reward for a desired response (Conditioning). This means that actions or responses from a person or animal can be controlled or made more controllable. This process can alter a participant’s behavior to the point where reinforcements are no longer needed for them to perform the desired response. This process is administered in two different ways. The first way is where a given stimulus becomes increasingly effective in invoking a response. This means a response is showed in correlation to a reward. The second way is a response occurs with increasing regularity in a well-specified and stable environment. In this method the environment the participant is put in results in the desired response, the way you control the response is Harrison 2 controlling the environment. In both methods there is a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. The conditioned stimulus is the factor that the psychologist or administer is controlling. The conditioned response is the response that is developed due to the stimulus. These processes were utilized in the Pavlov Dog experiment. The theory of conditioning was developed in correlation to the work of a Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. His experiment showed that a conditioned stimulus would result in a conditioned response. He placed a dog in a harness in a sound-shielded room. On each conditioning trial the sound of a bell was made followed by food powder blown into the dog’s mouth. This would then make the dog salivate. After the test was proved that the dog would salivate with feed powder, then the test was administered but the food powder was not released, just the bell. The dog still salivated. The bell being administered was the conditioned stimulus and the dog salivating was the conditioned response. Due to the reward administered fallowing the stimulus the dog would respond as directed. When there was food being presented that was a unconditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response because one would always obviously fallow the other. However when the reward was taken away it became a conditioned response because the dog only needed to hear the bell, no reward was necessary for it to start salivating. The bell or the stimulus stayed the same, this conditioned the dog to salivate when it herd the bell therefor changing his behavior. We learned from this and reached new lengths in Behavioral studies. Conditioning is a theory about the way our behavior is affected and changed due to our environments and experiences. A form learning where the things we go through teaches us or conditions us to act or react a certain way. Just like the dog in Pavlov’s experiment; every time we are in a certain environment or situation something or someone tells us to act or be a certain Harrison 3 way, then rewards us for doing something correctly or we receive consequences. These are the reinforcements we receive and to receive that same reward again or to avoid the punishment we perform the desired response. Harrison 4 "Conditioning (psychology)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. ciccarelli, saundra. PSYCHOLOGY. 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2009. 10. Print.