* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Packet - Humble ISD
Survey
Document related concepts
Lymphopoiesis wikipedia , lookup
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Sjögren syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Immunosuppressive drug wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Integumentary & Immune System Packet-Please be sure to cut and paste each section on the correct page of your spiral notebook Page 21 (“Skin Diagram”): Color and label the diagram. Ref. Pg. 936 Page 23 (“Skin Damage & Disorders Diagrams”): color the pictures Page 22 (“Integumentary System Notes”): Notes will be taken in class The integumentary system is composed of the __________ and its accessory structures, including __________, ________, and the ____________ found in the skin. The skin is the _____________ organ of the human body. I. Function Protection Sensory Information Regulation of Body Temperature Vitamin Production – The skin produces Vitamin ______, needed for __________________________________, when exposed to ______________. II. Structure – The skin is composed of three layers: A. Epidermis 1. Basal Layer – Contains cells that are actively going through ___________________. As new cells are produced, older cells are _____________________________________________________________. There are two important proteins made by specialized cells in the epidermis: a. Keratin - _____________________________ skin. b. Melanin - _______________________ pigment; protects skin from _______________________ 2. Outer Layer – As the epidermal cells are pushed away from blood vessels, they ___________ so the outermost epidermal layer consists of _____________ cells filled with __________________ that are eventually ________________________________. B. Dermis – Inner, thicker layer that contains _______________ for strength and ________________ for elasticity. Structures found in the dermis include: 1. Blood vessels – Provide ______ and ________________ to cells; remove _____________. Also help to maintain a constant body temperature. Heat can be conserved when blood vessels near the surface of the skin _________________, or heat can be released when blood vessels ______________. 2. Hair follicles - _____________ occurs in follicle to produce hair. Hair consists of _________ cells filled with ___________. Small, __________ muscles are attached to each follicle that _______________ to pull hairs upright when stimulated by _____________________ 3. Nail follicles – Produced in same manner as hair. Purpose of nails is to _______________ fingertips and toetips. 4. Sensory receptors 5. Glands – There are two types of glands located in the dermis: a. Oil – Produce oil to _______________________________ b. Sweat - _____________________ of the perspiration produced by these glands requires energy in the form of ____________, which is drawn from the skin and results in cooling. C. Hypodermis – Innermost layer that stores ________. Page 24 (“Skin Damage & Disorders Notes”): Notes will be filled in class III. Skin Damage & Disorders A. Burns – Classified according to depth of damage 1. First degree – Damage only to _____________________________. Skin appears ___________, but without _______________________. May be caused by __________________________ 2. Second degree – Damage through ___________________ to ______________________. Most painful of all burns. Skin is _______ with ____________________. May be caused by _________________________ _______________________________________________. 3. Third degree – Destroys ______________________; damage extends into __________________________. Skin usually appears ________________. May be caused by _____________________________________ B. Skin Cancer – Most important risk factor is _______________________________________. The most serious type of skin cancer is ____________________________. Page 25 (“Viruses & Bacteria Diagram”): Color image Page 26 (“Viruses & Bacteria Venn Diagram”): Make a Venn diagram comparing viruses and bacteria. Ref-pg. 516-531 Page 27 (“Nonspecific Defenses Diagram”): Color image Page 28: (“Nonspecific Defense Notes”): Notes will be filled in during class Immune System - The body’s primary defense against pathogens. Basic Vocab. ______________________- any change that disrupts the normal functions of the body. ______________________- Disease-causing agents; such as; viruses, bacteria, protists, worms, fungi ___________________________________________-diseases caused by pathogens ______________________ – triggers immune response (bad guys) ______________________ – protein; destroys pathogens (good guys) How Diseases are Spread __________________________– transmitted when a healthy person touches a person with a disease. __________________________- transmitted through bodily fluids __________________________- through the air or by touching objects that have been infected and than touching your nose or mouth. Contaminated ____________ and ____________ – caused by eating food containing pathogens or drinking unsanitized water. ____________________________- Vectors carry diseases like Lyme disease, West Nile virus, & rabies Immune System’s 4 Nonspecific Defenses:- Not directed against any one pathogen, guards against all 1. ________ - Most important nonspecific defense. Few pathogens can penetrate the tough layer of __________ 2. Mouth & Respiratory Passages - Passages leading to lungs are coated with______________; Mucus traps airborne pathogens & swept into the _______________________________to be destroyed 3. Inflammation - Occurs when ___________________ do enter the body; Blood vessels near wound expand; WBC leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissues; ____________________(WBC) engulf and destroy them; Infected tissue may become swollen and painful 4. Fever - __________________has spread; Immune System releases chemicals that increase the_____________ Page 29 (“Immune System Diagrams”): Color images Page 29, con’t: Page 30 (“Specific Defenses Notes”): To be filled out in class Specific Defenses- Attacks the particular disease causing agents 1. Antibody - Antigens stimulate production of_______________. Antibody has two binding sites. An antibody matches an antigen much as a key matches a lock. Whenever they interlock, the _______________marks the antigen for______________ Antibody Production: Produced by B Cells that mature in _______________________________ antibody genes in each rearrange themselves in different ways (reason why we have millions of different antibodies _______________________ – shot of weakened or killed pathogens to stimulate production of antibodies 2. White blood cells (Lymphocytes) called T cells: 3 kinds: 1. ______________________- track down and __________________pathogens & foreign tissue 2. ______________________- ______________________pathogen & send message to Killer T 3. ______________________– turns __________ the immune response _________________________- infects, weakens, and gradually destroys the helper T cells. _____________________ - cells are responsible for the rejection of tissue transplants Immune Disorders 1. _______________________- overreaction of the immune system to an antigen in the environment 2. ________________________________________- immune system makes mistakes and attacks its own cells Multiple sclerosis- attacks the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers Rheumatoid Arthritis- antibodies attack connective tissues around the joints Type 1 Diabetes- antibodies attack the insulin producing cells of the pancreas