Download Packet - Humble ISD

Integumentary & Immune System Packet-Please be sure to cut and paste each section on the correct page of your spiral
notebook
Page 21 (“Skin Diagram”): Color and label the diagram. Ref. Pg. 936
Page 23 (“Skin Damage & Disorders Diagrams”): color the pictures
Page 22 (“Integumentary System Notes”): Notes will be taken in class
The integumentary system is composed of the __________ and its accessory structures, including __________, ________,
and the ____________ found in the skin. The skin is the _____________ organ of the human body.
I. Function
 Protection
 Sensory Information
 Regulation of Body Temperature
 Vitamin Production – The skin produces Vitamin ______, needed for __________________________________,
when exposed to ______________.
II. Structure – The skin is composed of three layers:
A. Epidermis
1. Basal Layer – Contains cells that are actively going through ___________________. As new cells are
produced, older cells are _____________________________________________________________. There
are two important proteins made by specialized cells in the epidermis:
a. Keratin - _____________________________ skin.
b. Melanin - _______________________ pigment; protects skin from _______________________
2. Outer Layer – As the epidermal cells are pushed away from blood vessels, they ___________ so the outermost
epidermal layer consists of _____________ cells filled with __________________ that are eventually
________________________________.
B. Dermis – Inner, thicker layer that contains _______________ for strength and ________________ for elasticity.
Structures found in the dermis include:
1. Blood vessels – Provide ______ and ________________ to cells; remove _____________. Also help to
maintain a constant body temperature. Heat can be conserved when blood vessels near the surface of the skin
_________________, or heat can be released when blood vessels ______________.
2. Hair follicles - _____________ occurs in follicle to produce hair. Hair consists of _________ cells filled with
___________. Small, __________ muscles are attached to each follicle that _______________ to pull hairs
upright when stimulated by _____________________
3. Nail follicles – Produced in same manner as hair. Purpose of nails is to _______________ fingertips and
toetips.
4. Sensory receptors
5. Glands – There are two types of glands located in the dermis:
a. Oil – Produce oil to _______________________________
b. Sweat - _____________________ of the perspiration
produced by these glands requires
energy in the form of ____________,
which is drawn from the
skin and results in cooling.
C. Hypodermis – Innermost layer that stores ________.
Page 24 (“Skin Damage & Disorders Notes”): Notes will be filled in class
III. Skin Damage & Disorders
A. Burns – Classified according to depth of damage
1. First degree – Damage only to _____________________________. Skin appears ___________, but without
_______________________. May be caused by __________________________
2. Second degree – Damage through ___________________ to ______________________. Most painful of
all burns. Skin is _______ with ____________________. May be caused by _________________________
_______________________________________________.
3. Third degree – Destroys ______________________; damage extends into __________________________.
Skin usually appears ________________. May be caused by _____________________________________
B. Skin Cancer – Most important risk factor is _______________________________________. The most serious
type of skin cancer is ____________________________.
Page 25 (“Viruses & Bacteria Diagram”): Color image
Page 26 (“Viruses & Bacteria Venn Diagram”): Make a Venn diagram comparing viruses and bacteria. Ref-pg. 516-531
Page 27 (“Nonspecific Defenses Diagram”): Color image
Page 28: (“Nonspecific Defense Notes”): Notes will be filled in during class
Immune System - The body’s primary defense against pathogens.
Basic Vocab.
 ______________________- any change that disrupts the normal functions of the body.
 ______________________- Disease-causing agents; such as; viruses, bacteria, protists, worms, fungi
 ___________________________________________-diseases caused by pathogens
 ______________________ – triggers immune response (bad guys)
 ______________________ – protein; destroys pathogens (good guys)
How Diseases are Spread __________________________– transmitted when a healthy person touches a person with a disease.
 __________________________- transmitted through bodily fluids
 __________________________- through the air or by touching objects that have been infected and than touching
your nose or mouth.
 Contaminated ____________ and ____________ – caused by eating food containing pathogens or drinking unsanitized water.
 ____________________________- Vectors carry diseases like Lyme disease, West Nile virus, & rabies
Immune System’s 4 Nonspecific Defenses:- Not directed against any one pathogen, guards against all
1. ________ - Most important nonspecific defense. Few pathogens can penetrate the tough layer of __________
2. Mouth & Respiratory Passages - Passages leading to lungs are coated with______________; Mucus traps
airborne pathogens & swept into the _______________________________to be destroyed
3. Inflammation - Occurs when ___________________ do enter the body; Blood vessels near wound expand;
WBC leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissues; ____________________(WBC) engulf and destroy
them; Infected tissue may become swollen and painful
4. Fever - __________________has spread; Immune System releases chemicals that increase the_____________
Page 29 (“Immune System Diagrams”): Color images
Page 29, con’t:
Page 30 (“Specific Defenses Notes”): To be filled out in class
Specific Defenses- Attacks the particular disease causing agents
1. Antibody - Antigens stimulate production of_______________. Antibody has two binding sites. An antibody
matches an antigen much as a key matches a lock. Whenever they interlock, the _______________marks the
antigen for______________
Antibody Production:
 Produced by B Cells that mature in _______________________________
 antibody genes in each rearrange themselves in different ways (reason why we have millions of different
antibodies
_______________________ – shot of weakened or killed pathogens to stimulate production of antibodies
2. White blood cells (Lymphocytes) called T cells: 3 kinds:
1. ______________________- track down and __________________pathogens & foreign tissue
2. ______________________- ______________________pathogen & send message to Killer T
3. ______________________– turns __________ the immune response
 _________________________- infects, weakens, and gradually destroys the helper T cells.
 _____________________ - cells are responsible for the rejection of tissue transplants
Immune Disorders
1. _______________________- overreaction of the immune system to an antigen in the environment
2. ________________________________________- immune system makes mistakes and attacks its own cells
 Multiple sclerosis- attacks the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers
 Rheumatoid Arthritis- antibodies attack connective tissues around the joints
 Type 1 Diabetes- antibodies attack the insulin producing cells of the pancreas