Download Chapter 1 The Study of Life/ Chapter 2

Chapter 1 The Study of Life/ Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology
1. Explain direct and indirect relationships within a food
web.
2.1- Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis within a food web
2.2; Explain how all organisms are important and how all organisms are related in a food
web
3.1
Define homeostasis
2. Differentiate between Producer, carnivore, omnivore,
herbivore, scavenger, and decomposer.
2.2
Define and give examples of the above in a food web
Define Heterotroph and Autotroph
Explain the role of each organisms (consumer, producer)
3. Differentiate between food webs and food chains.
2.2
Explain how a food web and food chain related
Explain how the number of food chains affects the stability of a food web
4. Explain and diagram energy flow in a community.
2.2
Name the ultimate and primary source of energy for a food web
Describe the flow of energy from the sun to the producers to the consumers
Describe the amount of energy available at each trophic level
5. Compare the flow of matter and energy in an energy
pyramid.
2.2
Describe the biogeochemical cycles
Differentiate between matter and energy in a food web
6. Describe examples of competition, symbiosis, and
predation.
2.1;
3.1
Define and give examples of mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
Define Lichens
7. Describe atoms and their subatomic particles
arrangement.
8. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic
compounds.
1.1
Protons, Electrons, and Netrons
1.1;
6.4
Name examples of organic compounds (contain carbon)
9. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic.
2.1
Give examples of each
Explain how both are part of an ecosystem (living and non-living)
10. Differentiate between biosphere, biomes, ecosystem,
community, population, and species.
1.1
Define organism, ecosystem, community, biosphere
11. Demonstrate the process of using the scientific method 1.3
to gather information, solve problems, and make decisions.
(dependent variable, independent variable, control,
constants)
12. Describe a habitat and a niche.
2.1
dependent variable, independent variable, control, constants, hypothesis
List steps in order for the scientific method
14. Explain the 10% rule of energy in a food web.
2.2
Calculate the energy (kCalories) available at each trophic level
Show the pathway to provide more energy in a food web
Calculate the energy (kCal) available to the consumer due to the 10% rule
15. Explain and give examples of how humans alter
ecosystems.
Pg.
50;
4.3
Discuss ways humans impact the earth (ecological footprint)
Explain the effects of elevated carbon dioxide levels from fossil fuels.
Describe what happens when two organisms compete for the same niche
Explain why two organisms can not occupy the same niche
Explain how niches can overlap (generalist/specialist)
CHAPTER 3 COMMUNITIES, Biomes, and Ecosystems
2. Differentiate between biosphere, biomes, ecosystem, community,
population, and species.
3.1;
4.1
Define ecosystem and Community
Identify biomes and their characteristics
4.Describe limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) for a population and how
they affect the range of tolerance.
3.1
5. Explain the process of ecological succession, and describe the different
communities that result (grassland, pine trees, etc.)
3.1
6. Explain and give examples of ecological succession
7. Discuss biotic and abiotic limiting factors that affect land and aquatic
biomes (determine their climate)
8. Explain how organisms cooperate and compete in ecosystems and
how interrelationships and interdependencies of organisms may generate
ecosystems that are stable for thousands of years.
9. Explain and give examples of how humans alter ecosystems.
3.1
3.2,
3.2
3.1
3.1,
3.2,
3.3
List biotic and abiotic factors that affect a population’s size.
Determine limiting factors for humans
Describe a population in homeostasis.
Compare primary and secondary succession and causes of each
Describe the populations that develop starting with pioneer species
Give examples of pioneer species
Causes of succession
Mid-latitide/temperate/tropical/acrtic
Solar energy (angle of the sun)
Define homeostasis
Eutrophication
Pollution (biomagnification-DDT)
Phytoplankton vs. zooplankton
Define and compare gross primary productivity and net primary
productivity
Describe a biomass and numbers pyramid.
Define climatogram
Determine seasons/region based on climatogram
Define arid, deciduous, permafrost
List factors that determine climate and seasons (ex. tilt of earth)
Compare arctic and alpine tundra
List biomes warmest to coldest; north to south
List limiting factors for aquatic organisms
10. Explain how measurements of biomass in an ecosystem are
dependent on productivity.
3.2,
3.3
11. Recognize the major biomes when characterized in constructed
climatograms.
3.2,
3.3
3) Recognize the 5 major types of aquatic ecosystems and characterized
each by their biotic and abiotic characteristics
13. Explain the occurrence of turnover in temperate lakes
3.3
14. Describe the food chain in an aquatic ecosystems
3.3
8) Discuss and evaluate the significance of human interference with
major ecosystems.
2) Discuss biotic and abiotic factors that affect aquatic biomes.
3
3.3
Zone of tolerance and diversity
12) Describe the process of eutrophication and its effects on organisms.
3.3
Define eutrophication
3.3
Describe lakes in temperate regions and the different seasons
Define thermocline
Phytoplankton and zooplankton
Define Chemosynthesis
Describe where most productivity occurs in an aquatic ecosystem
Climate change, overgrazing, deforestation, etc…
Chapter 4: Population Ecology Test Review Sheet
1.
Calculate Population Size/Growth and population density
• List/define the 4 rates that affect population growth
- ZPG = Zero Population Growth (Define)
2. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic limiting factors;
4.1
What aspects affect human population growth?
What are the age structures of representative non-growing, slowly growing, and
rapidly growing countries? (demographic transition)
Which rates cause a population to decrease and which rates cause a population to
increase? (birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration)
What are the differences between density-independent and density-dependent
limiting factors?
Define and calculate population density
4.1
density dependent/independent limiting factors.
3. Describe the concept of carrying capacity.
4.1
How does carrying capacity affect reproductive rates?
How are r/K strategist different?
4. Distinguish between logistic and exponential growth.
4.1;
4.2
What are the similarities between the different models used to quantify the
growth of a population?
What are the trends in human population growth? Describe the human
population over the last 1000 years.
CHAPTER 6: Chemistry of Biology
1. Identify subatomic particles and describe how they are arranged
in atoms
2. Describe the difference between elements, isotopes,
compounds, and molecules
4. Show how chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis,
fermentation, cellular respiration) can be represented by
chemical formulas
6.1;
fig. 1
5. Describe the function of enzymes, including how enzymesubstrate specificity works, in biochemical reactions
- describe the effect of enzymes on the activation of energy
needed for chemical reactions to take place.
- Define a catalyst
- List examples and describe the name of several enzymes.
7. Explain the fundamental principles of the pH scale and the
consequences of having the different concentrations of hydrogen
and hydroxide ions
- Explain the role of buffers in the maintenance of homeostasis.
6.2;
fig.
18
6.3
Fig.
2324
What are the differences between acids and bases?
List a substance as acidic or basic based on its pH
9. Describe the general structure and function(s), including
common functional groups, of monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, glycerol, glycerides,
lipids, amino acids, dipeptides, polypeptides, proteins, and
nucleic acids
- List the 4 major families of biological compounds, examples and
the function of each
- List the subunits of each family of biological compounds
6.4;
Table
1; fig.
2631
10. Explain how ATP is used in organisms. Explain how cells store
energy temporarily as ATP
6.4
What are the four major families of biological macromolecules?
What are the functions of each group of biological
macromolecules?
Define DNA, chromosomes
o List the elements and subunits of Carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids
o List structures made of protien
o List examples of carbohydrates in order of complexity
o Explain what plants do with sugars made during
photosynthesis.
o Explain how food is converted in usable energy by the cell
(ATP)
o Compare ATP and ADP
6.1
6.2
What are atoms?
How are the particles that make up atoms diagrammed?
Define isotope
Compare ionic and covalent bonds
What are the parts of a chemical reaction?
o Identify products and reactants
o Balance an equation
Contrast a synthesis and decomposition reactions
How can energy changes be related to chemical reactions?
What is the importance of enzymes in living organisms?
o Define and explain how enzymes affect the activation energy
o Explain the effects of the environment on enzyme activity
(pH, temp, amount)
Chapter 7: Cellular Structure and Function
1. Compare (similarities and differences) an electron
microscope and compound microscope.
7.1; lab
How are the advances in microscope technology related to
discoveries about cells?
2. Explain the cell theory and the scientists’ contributions.
7.1; fig.
1
Can cells appear spontaneously without genetic material from
previous cells?
What are the principles of the cell theory?
3. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
and give examples of each.
7.1
What are the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic
cell?
Compare the parts and sizes of a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell?
4. Indentify and describe the structure of the cell membrane.
7.2
How does a cell’s plasma membrane function?
What are the roles of proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol in the
plasma membrane?
5. List and describe the differences between animal and plant cells.
7.3;
Table 1
7.3
List unique structures that distinguish a plant from an animal cell
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.4
Define the role of chlorophyll and chloroplast in plant cells
6. Explain the cooperation among organelles and function of
organelles. Explain how cells and organisms maintain homeostasis.
7. Identify and describe animal and plant organelles.
8. List modes of motility for cells (flagella/cilia)
9. Explain how cells and organisms maintain homeostasis.
10. Contrast the movement of substances (osmosis/diffusion/active
and passive transport/endocytosis and exocytosis).
11. Explain the effect of a hypotonic, hypertonic, and an isotonic
solution on a cell?
12. Identify the parts of a microscope and demonstrate how to use
it to find microscopic objects
7.4
What are the processes of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active
transport?
How do large particles enter and exit cells?
Compare and Contrast the three types of solutions
Explain how the image changes under the microscope
Calculate magnification and explain its effects on the field of view.
Chapter 9: Cell Reproduction
1. Explain how cells and organisms maintain homeostasis.
9.19.3
2. Explain the cooperation among organelles and function of organelles
in cell division (centrioles)
3. Describe the cell cycle including identifying interphase, the stages of
mitosis, and cytokinesis.
9.2,
9.3
9.19.3
Why are cells relatively small?
Why is a high ratio of surface area to volume beneficial to a cell?
How does cancer relate to the cell cycle?
Compare cell division in a prokaryote (binary fission) to a
eukaryote?
Compare cell division in a plant to an animal cell?
What are the primary stages of the cell cycle?
What are the stages of interphase?
What are the events of each stage of mitosis?
What is the process of cytokinesis?
Compare the key activity of interphase (G1, S, G2) with the key
activity of mitosis.
What are stem cells?
Biology Exam I Review
1. Optional period is optional. You may come and review, ask questions, or study during this time.
2. Old tests are available before school and at lunch to review before exams. Questions may not be copied or pictures
taken of the tests to study.
3. Bring your organized notebook to the exam.