* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Intracellular Messaging
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Chromatophore wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor wikipedia , lookup
Purinergic signalling wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
WARM-UP QUIZ Which gland is known as “The Master Gland”? Pituitary Which Gland hormone controls your metabolism? Thyroxin INTRACELLULAR MESSAGING Mr. Mah Living Environment Lecture 9 SWBAT explain the role of intracellular messengers like hormones and chemicals, and how they contribute to the concept of Homeostasis. HORMONES Messages have to be sent to the body in some way. The major way that this happens is through hormones. Hormones – Chemical signals that cells release into the blood. These are the messages that the body sends. BREAK IT DOWN Intracellular – Let’s break this word into its two parts Intra- = between two different things -cellular = involves cells Put them together to get a word that means between two different cells INTRACELLULAR MESSAGING Today’s focus is going to be on how these messages, hormones, are sent throughout our body. Signal Chemicals Made in endocrine cells Transported through the blood Receptors on target cells LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION: Hormones and Neurotransmitters LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION: Acts through the Circulatory System Blood allows for Long Distance Communication The Pituitary Gland can secrete hormones that have an effect on muscle cells in the calf. LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION: HORMONES TARGET CELLS How does the hormone know which cells to bind to? Hormones are transported through the blood, so they just follow the blood wherever it goes Target Cells have RECEPTORS on them to grab a hold of the hormone BINDING Shape matters Hormones AND Receptors each have unique shapes They have to match up in order to bind. This is why only certain cells can use specific hormones TARGET CELLS Properties of the hormonereceptor interactions Tissue specificity – each organ has a unique set of hormone receptors MANY FAMILIES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS Each Cell Surface Receptor has a unique set of hormones that can bind to it. SUPER HUMAN STRENGTH SUPER HUMAN STRENGTH How does this happen? Adrenaline (epinephrine) raises heart rate, increase respiration, dilate the pupils, slow down digestion and -- perhaps most importantly -- allow muscles to contract. SO MANY FUNCTIONS??? If Adrenaline does so many things, how does it know which body systems to act on? Circulatory System Respiratory System Digestive System Muscular System Receptors CELL RECEPTORS There are two places that receptors can be in the cell: Cell Surface – The receptor is on the cell surface. The hormone binds directly and causes its effect Inside the Cell – The receptor is inside the cell. This means that the hormone has to go inside the cell FIRST, before it can cause its effect. BASIC MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL SIGNALING NEUROTRANSMITTERS Chemicals used for communication with the body and the brain 50 different neurotransmitters have been identified NEURONS NEUROTRANSMITTE RS Neurons can also secrete hormones Hormones still bind to the receptors on the Target Cell