Download Intracellular Messaging

WARM-UP QUIZ
Which
gland is known as “The
Master Gland”?
 Pituitary
Which
Gland
hormone controls your
metabolism?
 Thyroxin
INTRACELLULAR
MESSAGING
Mr. Mah
Living Environment
Lecture 9
SWBAT
explain the role
of intracellular
messengers like
hormones and
chemicals, and how they
contribute to the concept
of Homeostasis.
HORMONES
Messages
have to be sent to the
body in some way. The major
way that this happens is
through hormones.
Hormones – Chemical signals
that cells release into the blood.
These are the messages that the
body sends.
BREAK IT DOWN
 Intracellular
– Let’s break this
word into its two parts
 Intra- = between two different
things
 -cellular = involves cells
 Put them together to get a word
that means between two different
cells
INTRACELLULAR
MESSAGING
Today’s
focus is going to be on
how these messages, hormones,
are sent throughout our body.
Signal
Chemicals
Made in endocrine cells
Transported through the blood
Receptors on target cells
LONG DISTANCE
COMMUNICATION:
Hormones and
Neurotransmitters
LONG DISTANCE
COMMUNICATION:
 Acts
through the Circulatory
System
 Blood allows for Long Distance
Communication
 The Pituitary Gland can secrete
hormones that have an effect on
muscle cells in the calf.
LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION: HORMONES
TARGET CELLS
 How
does the hormone know which
cells to bind to?
 Hormones are transported through
the blood, so they just follow the
blood wherever it goes
 Target
Cells have RECEPTORS on
them to grab a hold of the hormone
BINDING
Shape
matters
 Hormones
AND
Receptors each have
unique shapes
 They
have to
match up in order
to bind.
 This is why only
certain cells can
use specific
hormones
TARGET CELLS
Properties
of the hormonereceptor interactions
Tissue specificity – each organ
has a unique set of hormone
receptors
MANY FAMILIES OF CELL
SURFACE RECEPTORS
Each
Cell Surface Receptor has
a unique set of hormones that
can bind to it.
SUPER HUMAN
STRENGTH
SUPER HUMAN
STRENGTH
 How
does this happen?
 Adrenaline
(epinephrine) raises
heart rate, increase respiration,
dilate the pupils, slow down
digestion and -- perhaps most
importantly -- allow muscles to
contract.
SO MANY
FUNCTIONS???
 If
Adrenaline does so many
things, how does it know which
body systems to act on?
Circulatory System
 Respiratory System
 Digestive System
 Muscular System

Receptors
CELL RECEPTORS
 There
are two places that receptors
can be in the cell:
 Cell Surface – The receptor is on
the cell surface. The hormone
binds directly and causes its effect
 Inside the Cell – The receptor is
inside the cell. This means that
the hormone has to go inside the
cell FIRST, before it can cause its
effect.
BASIC MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL
SIGNALING
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Chemicals
used for
communication with the body
and the brain
50 different neurotransmitters
have been identified
NEURONS
NEUROTRANSMITTE
RS
Neurons
can also secrete
hormones
Hormones still bind to the
receptors on the Target Cell