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Somatic cells form
different body
tissues, list some
tissue types
Sources of embryonic
stem cells.
Potential ethical issue
with use of embryonic
stem cells.
What is a somatic cell
Unit 1 KA1: Division
Differentiation
Three
properties
of cancer
cells
Name two types of
stem cell
Describe the formation of a
secondary tumour
Define the term
differentiation.
Two locations of
tissue (adult)
stem cells.
Tissue stem cells found
in bone marrow will
develop into…
Two therapeutic uses
of stem cells.
Two properties of stem
cells.
Germline cells divide by
MITOSIS to produce
Stem cells can also be
used as model cells
to study…
Mutations in germline cells
will be passed onto
Germline cells divide by
MEIOSIS to produce
Draw lines to match the enzyme to its function in
DNA replication.
Enzyme
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Function in DNA replication
joins fragments of DNA together
on the lagging strand
Draw a labelled
diagram of one.
Name of the repeating units that
make up a molecule of DNA.
bonds nucleotides into the
backbone of a new DNA strand
The small section of DNA
needed by DNA polymerase
to start replication is
called?
At what end (3’ or 5’) does
DNA polymerase add new
nucleotides?
Explain why the
“lagging” strand has
to be copied in
fragments.
Unit 1 KA2:
Structure and
Replication of DNA
Label the 3’
and 5’ end of
each strand.
Name bonds
Y and Z.
Shape of DNA is
described as a ….
Name 5 substances
that are required, in
order for DNA
replication to take
place.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe the base pairing rule for DNA.
Explain why
the strands
of DNA are
described
as antiparallel.
Draw a
flowchart/
annotated
diagram to show
the steps
involved in
translation.
Function of
tRNA.
Define the
terms intron
and exon
Which process creates
mature mRNA from the
primary transcript.
Sub-units that join together
to form a polypeptide.
mRNA:
MMMJND
MCDCSD
tRNA:
Triplet of bases
mRNA vs tRNA
is called…
Site of
translation
.
Unit 1 KA 3: Control
of Gene Expression
Write in a label or description
for each, numbered, step in
transcription
Type of bond that joins
amino acids together.
Three differences
between DNA and
RNA.
DNA
Site of
transcription.
1
3 Methods of post
translational modification
2
3
4
5
6
Explain how one gene can
code for several proteins.
7
Enzyme responsible
for transcription.
RNA
Insertion
Deletion
Give a description of
the term “mutation”.
List some of the bonds which
hold proteins in their 3D shape
Give a description of a
frameshift mutation.
Unit 1 KA 4: Mutations
Nucleotide Sequence
Repeat Expansion
Substitution Missense
Substitution Nonsense
Five types of single
gene mutation.
For each give a
description / draw
a diagram to show
impact on the
order of
nucleotides and
make notes on the
impact on protein
structure.
Three types of chromosome
mutation. For each give a
description and draw a diagram
What is a splice site mutation and
what impact does this have on
protein formation?
Duplication
Deletion
Translocation
Define the term Systematics
Complete the flow chart to show the steps
amplification of DNA using PCR.
Define the term Bioinformatics
Solution containing DNA template,
__________, ________________,
____________________________
added to test tube.
Unit 1 KA5: Human
Genomics
Mixture heated to _______oC to
What is a DNA
probe?
________________________________
_________________________(melting)
List 3 uses of DNA
amplified through
PCR.
Temperature reduced to _______oC to
________________________________
1.
Temperature increased to _______oC.
2.
__________________ adds nucleotides
into DNA strands. (extending)
3.
Repeat many times.
Explain how
information about an
individual genome
could be used in
Personalised Medicine
Describe the use of
an array of DNA
probes to detect
genetic disorders
Definition: Cell Metabolism
Definition: Anabolism and
Catabolism
Give an example of intracellular and extracellular
control of an enzyme
Draw a
metabolic
pathway:
including
enzymes and
reversible/irrev
ersible steps
Unit 1 KA6:
Metabolic
Pathways
Competitive
Describe / Draw
the action of a
competitive
and non competitive
inhibitor
Non-Competitive
Describe the following in
terms of enzyme action:
Activation
energy
Describe the term end product
inhibition
Induced fit
Optimum
Describe the effect of substrate
and end product concentration on
the direction of a reaction
Describe the difference between ‘energy
investment’ and ‘energy payoff’ during glycolysis.
Describe the regulation of ATP production by
high concentrations of ATP and citrate
Draw the citric
acid cycle.
Include:
oxaloacetate,
citrate and CoA.
Name and
describe the 3
stages in aerobic
respiration
including the sites
of each.
Unit 1 KA7: Cell
Respiration
Describe the role of the
following in cell respiration:
NAD
Name alternative respiratory
substrates
Dehydrogenase
FAD
ATP Synthase
Hydrogen
Describe the function of ATP
and draw a diagram of ATP
and its formation
Describe the role
of creatine
phosphate in the
conversion of
ADP to ATP
When are creatine phosphate supplies restored?
Unit 1 KA8: Energy
Systems in Muscle
cells
Describe / draw a diagram of the
conversion of pyruvate to lactic
acid and vice versa
Under what circumstances
would a cell produce lactic
acid
Complete the table comparing
fast twitch and slow twitch
muscle fibres
Why can the
creatine
phosphate
system only
support strenuous
muscle activity for
a short period of
time?