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Assessment item 3—Summative assignment Due date: 8 June 2012 Weighting: 40% ASSESSMENT 3 Objectives This assessment item relates to the course learning outcomes as stated in Part A. Details You should write a properly referenced review on ONE of these topics of about 4000 words for a target audience of physics undergraduates such as yourselves. The essay should be relevant to the material covered in the unit PHYS 13071 Quantum Mechanics. The type of article found in Scientific American, Physics World, Physics Today, IEEE Spectrum should be used as models. Credit will be given for appropriate diagrams and graphs, and for the quality of English and logical presentation of the topic. Credit is also given for the range of reference material consulted, and for how up-to-date it is. Library books, journal articles, and web sites should all be accessed. Schedule Week 5 Week 13-14 8/06/2012 Essay topic finalized after discussing with the course lecturer. 20 minutes presentation on the topics. The presentation contributes 10% of the total marks. Special arrangement on the presentation will be made to Flex students. It may be online, telephone or pre-recording presentation. Submission of the essay. The essay contributes 30% of the total marks. Suggest topics for Summative Assignment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. History of Quantum Mechanics Mathematical formalism of Quantum Mechanics Quantum Harmonic Oscillators Atoms in Magnetic Field Quantum Entanglement Quantum Computing 1. Early history of Quantum Theory Quantum theory is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. Quantum theory was developed in the 1920s by Neils Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac and others. The review essay will focus on the historical development of quantum theory. Crisis of classical physics Early quantum theory Bohr and Copenhagen institute Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics Schrodinger’s wave mechanics Solvay conferences and the Bohr-Einstein debate 2. Mathematical formalism of Quantum Mechanics Mathematics formalism of quantum mechanics put quantum theory into a strong logical foundation. Postulates of quantum mechanics Dirac formalism Two states system (Polarization of photon / Spin of electron) Measurement problem in quantum mechanics 3. Quantum Harmonic Oscillator The quantum mechanical treatment of harmonic oscillator is not just a text book exercise, it provides an important method for the further development in the quantisation of the electromagnetic field and the understanding of other interesting effects. Review of classical oscillator Schrödinger equation of quantum harmonic oscillator Operator method Diatomic molecules Zero point energy and Casimir effect 4. Atoms in Magnetic field This essay reviews the various effects of the magnetic field on the energy levels of an atom. Review of angular momentum in quantum theory Electron spin resonance The Zeeman effect Paschen-Back effect 5. Quantum Entanglement The foundation of quantum theory has been subjected to great concerns since its early development in the 1920s. The difficulty of quantum theory was captured by the EPR problem which was formulated by Einstein and his collaborators. The EPR problem raises the “nonlocality” nature of quantum particles and its seeming contradiction to the theory of relativity. The “non-locality” of quantum particles was demonstrated experimentally in the 1970s. Since then the interest in the fundamentals of quantum theory have been revived. The “non-locality” of quantum particles or the “quantum entanglement” has found its application in “quantum cryptography” – the exchanging of messages in a coded form that makes them indecipherable to anyone else. The debate on the foundation of quantum theory and the EPR problem The Bell inequality Review on the cryptography Quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography The latest experiments on quantum crystography 6. Quantum Computing Although the foundation of quantum theory was developed in the 1920s, the last decade has seen years of great advances in quantum technology, especially in nanotechnology. According to the “Moore’s Law”, the number of transistors on computer chips, and hence their computational speed and memory capacity, doubles every eighteen months. If the “Moore’s Law” holds, in a very short time, the dimensions of features in a silicon chip will have shrunk to such a size that the properties of individual atoms and electrons will play a determining role. One possible new technology is “quantum computing”. In this review essay, you are expected to give a review of the recent of developments in “quantum computing”. The essay will include the following Microelectronics and the “Moore’s Law” “bit” and “qbit” Code breaking and the “Shor algorithm” Building a quantum computer