Download 3.4 quantum numbers

3.4 QUANTUM NUMBERS
WHAT IS A QUANTUM NUMBER?
From the solutions to Schrodinger’s wave
equations, these are numbers that describe the
properties of each orbital.
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THE PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER
(n)
Energy levels in an
atom are sometimes
called shells.
The principal quantum
number (n) describes
the size and energy of
an atomic orbital.
(n = 1, 2, 3, and so on)
SUBSHELLS
Albert Michelson – the distinct lines we see in
Bohr’s line spectrum are actually made of many
smaller lines.
Arnold Sommerfeld – proposed the secondary
quantum number to describe electron energy
sublevels or subshells.
SUBSHELLS: Staircase Analogy
SECONDARY QUANTUM NUMBERS
AND THEIR ENERGY LEVELS
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (ml)
- Represents the orientations of subshells (i.e.
the orientation of an atomic orbital in space
relative to the other orbitals in the atom)
- Represented by whole number values
between +l and –l including 0
- The number of different values that ml can
have is equal to the number of orbitals that
are possible
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (ml)
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