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Geometry, Frustration, and Exotic Order in Magnetic Systems
Geometry, Frustration, and Exotic Order in Magnetic Systems

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QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and

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... 2011 was the first year in which significant amounts of data from the LHC were available. At the yearly meeting of the Alliance in Bonn, which took place in December 2011, the excitement in the community was very tangible. Though no final results were available, talk about the Higgs boson and possib ...
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... except an upper bound is imposed on both the intensity to do the sensing (which again is an arbitrarily small multiplicative factor of the input intensity) whether or not the obstructing body is present. A quantum optical method for IFS (but not IFM) may be used to do I/O with bandwidth reduced by a ...
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... for transmission of classical information, still in certain cases entangled states can be compressed to fewer qubits. This quantum compression could have important applications in practice, where the number of usable qubits is very limited. Schumacher [101] considered compression and decompression o ...
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Lectures on Conformal Field Theory arXiv:1511.04074v2 [hep

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Annals of Physics Classical impurities and boundary Majorana zero

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Quantum chromodynamics

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions, a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons which make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU(3). The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carrier of the theory, like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A huge body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years.QCD enjoys two peculiar properties:Confinement, which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated. Because of this, when you do separate a quark from other quarks, the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon. Although analytically unproven, confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches, and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD.Asymptotic freedom, which means that in very high-energy reactions, quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark–gluon plasma. This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer and by Frank Wilczek and David Gross. For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV. Below this temperature, confinement is dominant, while above it, asymptotic freedom becomes dominant.
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