tgd as a generalized number theory
... 3.1.3 Infinite primes and physics in TGD Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 3.1.4 About literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3.2 Infinite primes, integers, and rationals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3.2.1 Th ...
... 3.1.3 Infinite primes and physics in TGD Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 3.1.4 About literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3.2 Infinite primes, integers, and rationals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3.2.1 Th ...
9. QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS 9. Quantum chromodynamics 1
... again parametrized in terms of a constant Λ. Note that Eq. (9.5) is one of several possible approximate 4-loop solutions for αs (µ2R ), and that a value for Λ only defines αs (µ2R ) once one knows which particular approximation is being used. An alternative to the use of formulas such as Eq. (9.5) i ...
... again parametrized in terms of a constant Λ. Note that Eq. (9.5) is one of several possible approximate 4-loop solutions for αs (µ2R ), and that a value for Λ only defines αs (µ2R ) once one knows which particular approximation is being used. An alternative to the use of formulas such as Eq. (9.5) i ...
The fourth age of quantum chemistry - of Attila G. Császár
... numerical representations of the Hamiltonians.90–96 One may wonder which is the best combination of the numerous possible choices or whether a unified protocol would soon emerge. At this point we have to leave these questions open and say that the applications should determine the most appropriate ch ...
... numerical representations of the Hamiltonians.90–96 One may wonder which is the best combination of the numerous possible choices or whether a unified protocol would soon emerge. At this point we have to leave these questions open and say that the applications should determine the most appropriate ch ...
Resolution-of-identity approach to Hartree–Fock, hybrid
... surfaces, nano-structures, etc) from first principles play an important role in chemistry and condensed-matter research today. Of particular importance are computational approximations to the many-body Schrödinger or Dirac equations that are tractable and yet retain quantitatively reliable atomic-s ...
... surfaces, nano-structures, etc) from first principles play an important role in chemistry and condensed-matter research today. Of particular importance are computational approximations to the many-body Schrödinger or Dirac equations that are tractable and yet retain quantitatively reliable atomic-s ...
Quantum dots on bilayer graphene made on a substrate of boron
... excitation spectrum. A quantum dot has another characteristic called the charging energy; this is the energy required to add or remove a single electron from the dot [1]. The ability to control current through these dots at the single-electron level make it an interesting object. A future applicatio ...
... excitation spectrum. A quantum dot has another characteristic called the charging energy; this is the energy required to add or remove a single electron from the dot [1]. The ability to control current through these dots at the single-electron level make it an interesting object. A future applicatio ...
Electrical Manipulation and Detection of Single Electron Spins in
... the happy dance alive! Thanks for all the enthusiasm, happiness and great teamwork. And, if you dont mind, I would still really like to learn this specific dance... Tristan, discussions with you were always interesting and exciting, regardless if it was on physics or any other topic (5 minutes???). I ...
... the happy dance alive! Thanks for all the enthusiasm, happiness and great teamwork. And, if you dont mind, I would still really like to learn this specific dance... Tristan, discussions with you were always interesting and exciting, regardless if it was on physics or any other topic (5 minutes???). I ...
Lie algebra decompositions with applications to quantum dynamics
... (1.1), where Xj = eAj t , j = 1, . . . , r, with Aj a skew-symmetric matrix, depending on the current configuration of the network. By changing the configuration we drive the system to a desired state. The Lie group decomposition determines the type of configuration used and the time for a network t ...
... (1.1), where Xj = eAj t , j = 1, . . . , r, with Aj a skew-symmetric matrix, depending on the current configuration of the network. By changing the configuration we drive the system to a desired state. The Lie group decomposition determines the type of configuration used and the time for a network t ...
Phys. Rep. - The Budapest Quantum Optics Group
... a b s t r a c t How can one prove that a given quantum state is entangled? In this paper we review different methods that have been proposed for entanglement detection. We first explain the basic elements of entanglement theory for two or more particles and then entanglement verification procedures ...
... a b s t r a c t How can one prove that a given quantum state is entangled? In this paper we review different methods that have been proposed for entanglement detection. We first explain the basic elements of entanglement theory for two or more particles and then entanglement verification procedures ...
Aims - Publikationsserver der Universität Regensburg
... The spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors is determined by the absorption region of the active chromophores. Specially four classes of blue light photoreceptors have been identified, they are PYP, BLUF-proteins, phototropins, and cryptochromes. BLUF-proteins, phototropins, and cryptochromes are ...
... The spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors is determined by the absorption region of the active chromophores. Specially four classes of blue light photoreceptors have been identified, they are PYP, BLUF-proteins, phototropins, and cryptochromes. BLUF-proteins, phototropins, and cryptochromes are ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.