Kondo Effect in Mesoscopic Quantum Dots
... intermediate spatial scales, between atomic and macroscopic. Through concurrent advancement in lithographic technology, the first artificial atoms were created in patterned GaAs heterostructures in the late 1980s (Reed et al., 1988, van Wees et al., 1989). Around the same time, two theoretical teams ...
... intermediate spatial scales, between atomic and macroscopic. Through concurrent advancement in lithographic technology, the first artificial atoms were created in patterned GaAs heterostructures in the late 1980s (Reed et al., 1988, van Wees et al., 1989). Around the same time, two theoretical teams ...
Nonadiabatic alignment by intense pulses
... In Sec. IV we apply the theory of Sec. III, first to model systems that serve to illustrate the general concepts in a molecule-independent way, and next to realistic molecules that allow direct comparison with experiments. We deviate from the standard practice in review articles by basing Sec. IV an ...
... In Sec. IV we apply the theory of Sec. III, first to model systems that serve to illustrate the general concepts in a molecule-independent way, and next to realistic molecules that allow direct comparison with experiments. We deviate from the standard practice in review articles by basing Sec. IV an ...
t+1
... • Injective PEPS can be prepared efficiently on a quantum computer, under the following conditions: – Sequence of parent Hamiltonians is gapped – PEPS maps A(v) are well-conditioned • G-injective PEPS can be prepared efficiently under ...
... • Injective PEPS can be prepared efficiently on a quantum computer, under the following conditions: – Sequence of parent Hamiltonians is gapped – PEPS maps A(v) are well-conditioned • G-injective PEPS can be prepared efficiently under ...
Surface Code Quantum Computation on a Defective
... effect and the probabilistic nature of quantum behavior cannot be tolerated by classical methods. Quantum computation is one possible solution against this problem. It uses quantum effect to compute. ...
... effect and the probabilistic nature of quantum behavior cannot be tolerated by classical methods. Quantum computation is one possible solution against this problem. It uses quantum effect to compute. ...
Towards a Philosophical Reconstruction of the Dialogue
... and ideas have emerged at the forefront of physics — quantum field theory, chaos theory, quantum cosmology, superstring theory and other approaches to the so-called Theory of Everything. These new approaches have deepened but also challenged our understanding of the physical world. Since its beginni ...
... and ideas have emerged at the forefront of physics — quantum field theory, chaos theory, quantum cosmology, superstring theory and other approaches to the so-called Theory of Everything. These new approaches have deepened but also challenged our understanding of the physical world. Since its beginni ...
Cavity optomechanics - Institute for Theoretical Physics II
... of photons to atoms and macroscopic objects were demonstrated by Frisch (1933) and Beth (1936), respectively. In the 1970s Ashkin demonstrated the fact that focused laser beams can be used to trap and control dielectric particles, which also included feedback cooling (Ashkin, 1978, 2006). The noncon ...
... of photons to atoms and macroscopic objects were demonstrated by Frisch (1933) and Beth (1936), respectively. In the 1970s Ashkin demonstrated the fact that focused laser beams can be used to trap and control dielectric particles, which also included feedback cooling (Ashkin, 1978, 2006). The noncon ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.