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222 Figure 8: The impact of acid rain on the terrestrial environment Source: compiled from the data in Fernandez (1985); Shriner and Johnson (1985); Tomlinson (1985). Implications and Recommendations In a world of uncertainty with a high climatic risk, it is necessary to follow a safety strategy that would advance basic research as well as research on the causes and impacts of climatic change and introduces precautionary measures. All of these measures should be shared globally, without political, social or economic reservation (Sinha et al, 1989; Bach, 1989). These recommendations are the following. 1. Ensuring food security in the future will require greater emphasis on land, air and water management, crop management and postharvest management. Availability of energy will be a significant factor. So it is better to have a more efficient use of energy resources. This reduces energy demand and fossil fuels use which results automatically in decreased emission and reduces the impact on environment and climate. It also saves the nonrenewable fossil fuels for purposes less wasteful than mere 223 combustion. The reduced demand permits pollution free renewable resources to contribute substantially to energy supply. 2. A more effective control of the production of synthetic chemicals must be imposed. This includes safety clearance of all new chemical substances as to their shortterm and long-term effects, individually or in combination, on people environment and climate. Likewise, it is necessary to replace all synthetic chemicals already in use that are detrimental to health and environment. 3. A more effective regulations of land use must be developed. This includes reducing deforestation in the topics, biomass burning in the subtropics, forest dieback in midlatitudes and soil destruction worldwide. 4. A more rapid introduction of available abatement techniques which includes emissions reductions before, during and after combustion. 5. In a changing climate, the smaller nations are the most vulnerable from the point of view of food security. These nations must be encouraged to group and pool thier resources required for stepping up food security measures. This will provide the advantage of risk pooling across regions and crops, making a group of nations as a whole less susceptible to climate effects. 6. In the long term, adoption of food security measures will come to be viewed in the broader context of regional development. Specific studies on criteria to be adopted for forming national groups; the crop and production technologies needed; the appropriate balance between development, such as transportation, distribution and marketing network, need to be initiated. 7. Considerable additional research on the annual, seasonal and intraseasonal variability and climate in individual regions is needed. Links between the results of this research and agricultural production should be established. 8. Specific research on the effects of climate change is required for planning and designing agricultural production and food security systems that span several 224 decades such as irrigation expansion in coastal areas. systems or agricultural 9. People must be informed of the issues pertaining global climate change so that they can help in alleviating the problem. Somehow, this move can also initiate action on the part of the policy makers. 10. Developed and support technical cooperation projects should be initiated to allow developing nations to participate in international mitigation efforts, monitoring, research and analysis related to the changing atmosphere. 11. A strong support form the government/ policymakers is needed for environmental education in primary, secondary and universities. Consideration should be given to establishing groups in university departments for addressing the crucial issues of global climate change. This programs will aim at sharpening perceptions on the issues and changing public values and behavior with respect to the environment and may lead to the development of environmental ethics. Activity 3: Answer this activity. Be sure to principles and concepts being explained before answering this activity. understand the in the lesson 1. Is there an indication that climate change is already present in the Philippines? Describe the possible scenarios that occur in your own place or any other place in the Philippines. 2. As a student, how can you help reduce the occurrence of the global warming/greenhouse effect and ozone depletion in our country?