Download CWC Advisory Board May 3 1,2 - Office of Academic Affairs

TIE Climate, Water and Carbon Annual Report
Year 1 (July 1,2006 through May 3 1,2007)
Submitted by: CWC Advisory Board
May 3 1,2007
Narrative Summary
Among the most promising aspects of the initiatives have been the strong efforts made to
organize collective action ("the sum exceeding the parts" argument championed by the deans).
The Implementation Plan was written in November 06 and consists of a section on the Patterns
of Administration (POA). The POA is attached (Appendix A) and provides a framework for
how the CWC Initiative will be conducted. The governance consists of an Advisory Board (AB)
with a Chair. The Chair reports to the three Deans and is appointed by the Deans. The current
AB consists of the Chair of the Department of Geography, Directors of the School of Earth
Sciences (SES), the School of Environmental and Natural Resources (SENR), and the John
Glenn School of Public Affairs (JGSPA). There are also two faculty members from each
initiating unit, one faculty from JGSPA, and the Chair of the AB, currently Dr. Lyons. Another
example outcome has been the enhanced linkage to the policy area (Dr. Andy Keeler). As a
result we are far beyond the earliest steps, having now facilitatedlorganized a joint seminar
committee and presentations on this theme. The greatest accomplishment to date has been to
recognize that without cohesion the TIE investment would simply fund business as usual. Indeed
the sense of the relevance and urgency of the action plan has been heightened. The major speech
by the President of Iceland exemplified the high profile this area has achieved in a very short
time.
We have gone a step hrther in SBSIMAPS by combining finds into a unified account with
budgeted activities that are representative of the major goals of the initial proposal. It is fair to
say that rather intense growing pains were part of this process. It was only when we came to
make positive faculty moves that we realized that the immense resource base for this program
gives us an unparalleled advantage. The initiative has helped galvanize a cluster hire in the area
of climate modeling in the department of Geography's Program in Atmospheric Science. As a
result of the availability of resources the ordinarily difficult task of making a dual career hire to
fill important parts of the TIE capability has materialized. This will tap in nicely to the initiatives
in super-computing and greatly increase our capacity in the STEMM areas for graduate training.
We are also satisfied that a similar level of activity in the other components of the initiatives
have resulted in a de facto cluster across the colleges.
This first CWC report and other current activities, events and accomplishments will be
available on the CWC website at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/cwc/.
This website is
updated on a regular basis.
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Project accomplishments and Implementation 200712008
Demonstration project to initiate a Climate and Water Program in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
and research initiated in Central Africa (specifically Mount Kilimanjaro).
The hture of humanity and the quality of our daily lives necessitate a deeper understanding
of Earth's climate system, which sustains all life and is now threatened and compromised by
human activities (population growth, economic development and unsustainable resource use).
For example, the melting of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has progressed from the time of
Hemingway's writings in 1938, when the ice cap was thick and covered the mountain, to an
expected extinction by 2020. The loss of major alpine glaciers within the next generation of
humans is one of the strongest indicators of an abruptly changing climate that is happening now
because of drastic perturbations in the global carbon cycle. The impact on water resources of this
sudden shift in global temperatures can most easily be understood by the loss of snow fields that
annually supply water to a billion people in the basins surrounding the Himalaya Mountains. We
propose the OSU Climate, Water, and Carbon Program (CWCP) as OSU's scientific and policyoriented response to these critical issues.
Both the research projects for the Peruvian Andes and Kilimanjaro are in various stages of
execution, but we are on schedule as set out in our first year's proposed activities.
Kilimanjaro
We will use the case study approach that develops knowledge and methodologies in a
systematic fashion to generate results that can be extrapolated to regional and global scales. One
target area will be Mount Kilimanjaro, which has been chosen because of the successful
pioneering research that OSU has already accomplished, and because Kilimanjaro has become
the iconic symbol of climate change in Africa. Six ice cores recovered from the ice fields atop
Kilimanjaro in 2000 have provided a -1 1,700 year record of regional climate and environmental
variability. These nearly continuous and high-resolution records document three abrupt regional
climate changes, at -8.3, -5.2 and -4.2 thousand years ago. The latter event was coincident with
the 'First Dark Ages', a period of the greatest historically recorded drought that occurred
throughout tropical Africa and appears to have extended to the Middle East, western Asia and
even to tropical South America. The 20th century wasting of the Kilimanjaro ice fields is
unprecedented in the last 10,000 years, and their combined areal extent has decreased roughly
80% from -1 2 km2 in 19 12 to -2.6 krn2 in 2000. If current climatological conditions continue,
Kilimanjaro's remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 201 5 and 2020.
The new Kilimanjaro project began in January, 2006. The specific objectives include
measuring the area and volume of glacier loss since 2000 using new (2006) aerial photos and
ground-based studies. A water sampling program (in which Prof. Bryan Mark from OSU's
Department of Geography participates) quantifies the current dry season water geochemistry
(e.g., stable isotopes, major anions and cations). Last year samples were collected from selected
wells and springs for tritium and I4cdating. The objective was to determine the age of the
consumable water in order to assess the impact that the loss of the Kilimanjaro ice fields will
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have on regional water supplies. This is a basis for the ultimate goal of producing a regional
hydrological model that can be used to predict how the current abrupt climate change will affect
water resources upon which the growing population at the base of Kilimanjaro is so dependent.
We are emphasizing a novel trans-disciplinary approach that will generate new understanding
and provide a transferable framework that may be applied elsewhere (e.g., arid western Andes or
the Himalayas). Experts from different disciplines are not simply coordinated to work separately
in the same location; rather, a spectrum of skills will be applied by a team committed to the
objectives of this program. Thus, the insights and methods from different disciplines will be
essential to substantively inform one another, to steer the research, and to broaden our
understanding of the Earth's complex climate and hydrologic systems.
Plans are still in progress for the late 2007 or early 2008 expedition to Kilimanjaro. We have
identified a colleague in Tanzania who will start the permit process necessary for establishing
this project. Dr. Kimaro Tumaini Anderson of the Water Resources Engineering Department of
the University of Dar es Salaam is a hydrologist by profession and is interested in the hydrology
of Mount Kilimanjaro, especially the impact of snowmelt on water resources from the mountain.
We plan to submit a full scientific plan to Dr. Anderson during the summer so he can start the
permitting process. We envision a water sampling program in January and February of 2008
around the base of Kilimanjaro, as well as on the summit. We have already commissioned Nils
Wiklund of Photomap International Inc. in Nairobi, Kenya to take black and white aerial
photographs at an altitude of 23,900 feet to cover the same area and approximately the same
scale as our 2000 and 2006 photos. This photography is planned for June of 2007. Policy
research will be conducted by Andrew Keeler of the John Glenn School of Public Policy and
David Kraybill of FAES. He will be attending a meeting on climate and the environment in
Kampala, Uganda, and he also plans to travel to Tanzania.
The Andes
Not only is the loss of ice on Kilimanjaro apparently imminent, but the glaciers in the
Peruvian Andes are also melting at an accelerating rate (Thompson et al., PNAS, 2006).
However, the number of people in the Andean region who will be affected by the impact on their
water resources is much larger than the number in Tanzania who will be affected when
Kilimanjaro's ice is gone. The Peruvian Andes contain 70% of the Earth's tropical glaciers, and
these glaciers feed both rivers flowing west to the Pacific and east into the Amazon River.
The Amazon Basin incorporates the high peaks of the Andes Mountains where ice coring has
successfully demonstrated past changes in basin wide precipitation. Rainfall has varied greatly
in the past and includes protracted drought periods, but the connections with basin-wide
hydrology and wetland carbon fluxes has not been made. The potential global impacts on
climate from low water periods with much smaller wetlands may well be significant given that
today the flooded areas around the Amazon are the largest in the world, thus impacting global
carbon exchange processes. We presently have crude estimates of the extent of wetland areas,
which can be refined with remote sensing and basin-wide hydrologic modeling. This wetland
model can be projected back in time with the ice core precipitation proxy and connected with
carbon flux estimates that depend on knowledge of flooded areas. Research presented at the
2006 AGU in December by Natalie Johnson (M.S. student under the direction of Prof. Doug
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Alsdorf) demonstrates that large-scale hydrologic events affecting the flow in the Amazon also
affect the precipitation that feeds the Quelccaya ice cap in southern Peru. The ice core
accumulation history from Quelccaya is linked to Amazon discharge during very large
hydrologic events.
The expertise within the CWCP includes all components of this study: ice core climatology,
Amazon hydrology, and wetland carbon fluxes, and requires a team-based approach that
integrates these disciplines. Completion of this work will provide firm grounding for carrying
out similar studies worldwide, thus generating sustained external finding. For example, this
study dovetails with the Kilimanjaro research (noted above) by carrying the ice core precipitation
proxies for central Africa into the Congo Basin. This project also ties together our three core
questions and, by geographically extending the project to other large-scale basins, will allow us
to address them more rigorously.
As part of the envisioned climate and water program, a field team from the OSU BPRC Ice
Core Paleoclimate Research Group plans to mount an expedition to the Peruvian Andes from
June 15 to July 15,2007. There are two objectives: (1) to continue the documentation of
changes on the Quelccaya ice cap, and (2) to locate a new research site in the Andes of northcentral Peru from which cores can be recovered. During the first part of this field program on
Quelccaya (the largest tropical ice cap on Earth) we will continue the photographing and
mapping of the retreat of the Qori Kalis glacier (the longest monitored tropical glacier on Earth),
collect plants from the retreating margins of the Quelccaya ice cap, and collect snow pit and
shallow ice cores from the summit to document changes in chemistry. Bryan Mark (OSU
Geography) and Jeff McKenzie (McGill University) will conduct a water sampling project to
determine source areas. We will join up with a group from University of Massachusetts (which
includes Raymond Bradley, Douglas Hardy and Carsten Braun) to raise the satellite linked
weather station on the summit. Last year 47% of the days had maximum one hour temperatures
above freezing at the 5670 meters summit, and during 1 1 of those days the maximum
temperatures rose above 2OC. We expect to document very large changes this year. We are also
planning to locate and photograph a glacier on the flanks of Mt. Ausangate, which was first
photographed in the mid- 1930's by a Peruvian photographer Martin Chambi Jimenes. Three TV
news crews are documenting this expedition: Der Spiegel TV from Germany, PBS's NOVA, and
possibly CBS's 60 Minutes.
During the second part of the field program (July lStto July isth 2007) we will be searching
through the Cordilleras Huayhuash, Raura and Blanca for a favorable ice-core drilling site at the
head of the Amazon River. It is expected that future drilling programs will be finded by the
National Science Foundation, and will provide an important part of the data input for long term
mass balance and water discharge determinations for both the Pacific and Atlantic basins.
During the course of this trip Lonnie Thompson will be giving lectures at several venues
throughout southern Peru (Lima, Cusco, Sicuani). These are being organized by the Practical
Action-Intermediate Technology Development Group. Attending will be journalists, university
teachers, NGO representatives, people from governmental organizations such as INRENA and
SENAMHI, and congressional representatives from Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia.
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CWC-FAES Steering Committee
FAES has established a CWC-FAES steering committee to a) prioritize research and
training activities that might be facilitated with resources obtained through the CWC-TIE and b)
coordinate FAES activities with those of MAPS, SBS and The Glenn School. The ultimate goal
is to define an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach for studying the coupled cycling of carbon
(C) and water in natural and managed ecosystems impacted by changing climate. The Steering
Committee, appointed by Dr. Steve Slack, comprises representatives from soil science; forestry;
food, agricultural, and biological engineering; environment and developmental economics; and
environmental policy and management. The Committee has given high priority to graduate
education and research projects that cut across disciplines and facilitate synthesis. Program
management will be through the existing Carbon Management and Sequestration Center.
The overall strategy is to build upon the strengths of existing programs and to explore
new research opportunities through collaborative arrangements with other faculty and other
disciplines. Geographically, the CWC-FAES envisages focusing on several sites.
Ohio: There are several existing programs that can be strengthened and expanded through
(i)
the CWC-FAES program. These include the Sugar Creek Watershed Management project
funded by NSF and USDA CSREES, the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership
(MRCSP) funded by USDOE, and the Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of
Greenhouse Gases (CASMGS), among others.
Costa Rica: A collaborative program between OSU and the EARTH University was
(ii)
initiated in 2004 with funding from DOE. This multi-disciplinary research program includes C
sequestration in soils and trees, restoration of wetlands, biodigesters for household energy,
trading C credits in agricultural communities, etc. A workshop on methodology for trading C
credits is planned for Fall 2007 and will be sponsored by the United Nations Development
Program.
Iceland: The visit of President Grimsson in April 2007, and the signing of an MOU
(iii)
between the major Icelandic universities and OSU provides a unique opportunity to use Iceland
as a field laboratory for developing an integrated study involving the impacts of climate change
on glacier dynamics, sea level rise, biodiversity, and water quality while also investigating
mitigative (soil conservation, desertification control, afforestation, C sequestration), and adaptive
strategies (economics, policy imperatives of C, social-behavioral factors) for dealing with these
issues. President Grimsson also suggested a collaborative program on desertification control and
soil restoration in Africa, and glacier melting and soil degradation in the Himalayan region of
India. MAPS, SBS and FAES have on-going activities in the Himalayan region; thus it is
possible to link CWC with these programs. Likewise, FAES has a long track record of programs
in soil restoration in sub-Saharan Africa that can be linked to the emerging CWC program.
The visit of the President of Iceland in April 2007 began a discussion between CWC
scientists at OSU and the Presidential delegation from Iceland dealing with a joint investigation
of the loss of glaciers in India and the resultant water resources and water policy issues. Drs.
Lyons and Bigham are currently preparing a short document that will be used to continue this
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joint activity, to engage the appropriate Icelandic scientists, and to push the joint research
program to fruition. Dr. Bigham will be in Iceland in early June 2007 to continue these
discussions.
SBS (Geography) Faculty and Staff Hires
Dr. Jialin Lin was hired as the first SBS-FTE under the TIE-CWC as an Assistant Professor
and will begin in the Fall of 2007. His expertise is in climate modeling.
Dr. Taotao Qian was hired as a Research Scientist through CWC funds and she will also
begin in the Fall of 2007. Her expertise is in climate/oceanic/global hydrologic modeling. She
will initially work with Professor David Bromwich.
These two hires have greatly enhanced our strengths and abilities in climate modeling and
along with teams of faculty in BPRC, SES and the Department of Geography will allow us to
better compete for funding in this important research area.
Seed Proposals
Drs. Lyons and Schwartz (Director, SES) will call a series of meetings to solicit requests for
the use of some Year 1 funds to build teams of individuals not yet support through CWC to
address CWC questions that were posed through the initial proposal and as outlined in the
Implementation Plan. It is expected that some of these finds will go to support activities
directed toward CWC issues within the Ohio River Basin. These funds will be directed primarily
toward MAPS faculty but the other initiating partner units will be invited to join the discussions.
It is hoped that this activity will be accomplished by June 2007. It has been delayed in the past
to the tardiness of establishing the joint SBSIMAPS account.
Peer-reviewed publications (published and in press)
Altor, A. E. and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Methane flux from created wetlands: Relationship to
intermittent versus continuous inundation and emergent macrophytes. Ecol. Eng. 28: 224234.
Anderson, C. J., and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Sediment, carbon, and nutrient accumulation at two 10year-old created riverine marshes. Wetlands, 26: 779-792.
Arvai, Joseph, Gavin Bridge, Nives Dolsak, Robert Franzese, Tomas Koontz, April Luginbuhl,
Paul Robbins, Kenneth Richards, Katrina Smith Korfmacher, Brent Sohngen, James Tansey,
Alexander Thompson, Alexander. 2006. "Adaptive Management of the Global Climate
Problem: Bridging the Gap Between Climate Research and Climate Policy." Climatic
Change, 78(1):217-225.
J. Arvai, T. Koontz, P. Robbins, A. Thompson, and B. Sohngen edited a special issue of the
journal Climatic Change, published in 2006. (Volume 78, Issue 1).
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Blanco-Canqui, H., Lal, R., Post, W., Izaurralde, R., and Owens, L. 2006. Rapid changes in soil
carbon and structural properties due to stover removal from no-till corn plots. Soil Sci.
171:468-482.
Carey, A.E. and Lyons, W.B., Cities vs. farms impacting water quality: An example from the
Eastern Corn Belt, USA, Applied Geochemistry. In press.
Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J.W., Jr. 2006. Creating a sustainable and desirable New
Orleans. Ecol. Eng. 26:3 17-320.
Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. 2006. A new vision for New Orleans and the
Mississippi delta: applying ecological economics and ecological engineering. Front. Ecol.
Environ. 4: 465 - 472.
Day, J.W., Jr., Boesch, D.F., Clairain, E.J., Kemp, G.P., Laska, S.B., Mitsch, W.J., Orth, K.,
Mashriqui, H., Reed, D.J., Shabman, L., Simenstad, C.A., Streever, B.J., Twilley, R.R.,
Watson, C.C., Wells, J.T., and Whigham, D.F. 2007. Restoration of the Mississippi delta:
Lessons from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science, 315: 1679- 1684.
Fitzgibbon, T. and Lyons, W.B., Mercury concentrations in and fluxes from Ohio rivers flowing
into Lake Erie, International Journal of Great Lake Research. In press.
Hernandez, M. E., and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Influence of hydrologic pulses, flooding frequency,
and vegetation on nitrous oxide emissions from created riparian marshes. Wetlands, 26: 862877.
Jacinthe, P., and Lal, R. 2006. Methane oxidation potential of reclaimed grassland soils as
affected by management. Soil Sci., 171: 772-783.
Jacinthe, P., and Lal, R. 2006. Spatial variability of soil properties and trace gas fluxes in
reclaimed mineland of southeastern Ohio. Geoderma, 136: 598-608.
Jarecki, M., and Lal, R. 2006. Compost and mulch effects on gaseous flux from an Alfisol in
Ohio. Soil Sci., 171:249-260.
Jimenez, J., and Lal, R. 2006. Mechanisms of soil C sequestration in Latin American soils.
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 25337-366.
Keeler, Andrew. "State Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policies: A Move in the Right Direction?"
Policy Sciences (in press).
Lal, R. 2006. Hydrologic sources of carbon cycling uncertainty throughout the terrestrial-aquatic
continuum. Global Change Biol., 1l(11): 1873- 1882.
Lal, R. 2006. Land area for establishing biohel plantations. Energy Sustainable Develop.
X(2):67-79.
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Lal, R. 2006. Soil and environmental implications of using crop residues as biohel feed stocks.
Int 'I. Sugar J., 108(1287): 161-167.
Lorenz, K., Lal, R., and Shipitalo, M. 2006. Stabilization of organic carbon in chemically
separated pools in no-till and meadow soils in northern Appalachia. Geoderma, 137: 20521 1.
Lorenz, K., Preston, C.M., and Kandeler, E. 2006. Soil organic matter in urban soils: Estimation
of elemental carbon by thermal oxidation and characterization of organic matter by solidstate 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Geoderma, 130:3 12-323.
Lyons, W.B. and Finlay, J.C. Biogeochemical Processes, In: Polar Limnology - High Latitude
Lake and River Ecosystems (ed. W. Vincent and J. Laybourn-Pany), Oxford University
Press. In press.
Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. 2006. Restoration of wetlands in the Mississippi-Ohio-Missouri
(MOM) River Basin: Experience and needed research. Ecol. Eng., 26: 55-69.
Murray, B.C., B. Sohngen, M.T. Ross. 2007. "Economic Consequences of Consideration of
Permanence, Leakage and Additionality for Soil Carbon Sequestration Projects." Climatic
Change, 80(1-2): 127- 143.
Rivers, L. 2006. A post-Katrina call to action for the risk analysis community. Risk Anal., 26: 12.
Sartori, F., Lal, R., Ebinger, M., and Parish, D. 2006. Potential soil carbon sequestration and CO;!
offset by dedicated energy crops in the USA. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 25: 441-472.
Shrestha, R. K. and Lal, R. 2006. Ecosystem carbon budgeting and soil carbon sequestration in
reclaimed mine soil. Environ. Int., 32:781-796.
Smialek, J., Bouchard, V. , Lippman, B., Quigley, M., Granata, T., Martin J., and Brown. L.
2006. Effect of a woody (Salix nigra) and herbaceous (Juncus efusus) macrophyte species
on methane dynamics and denitrification. Wetlands, 26:509-5 17.
Sohngen, B. and S. Brown. 2006. "The Influence of Conversion of Forest Types on Carbon
Sequestration and other Ecosystem Services in the South Central United States." Ecological
Economics, 57:698-708.
Sohngen, B and R. Sedjo. 2006. "Carbon Sequestration in Global Forests Under Different
Carbon Price Regimes." Energy Jotlrnal, 27: 109- 126.
Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S. 2006. Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional
carbon sequestration potential under no-till practice. Soil Sci., 171:950-959.
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Tansey, A., Luginbuhl, A., Thompson, A., Franzese, R., Korfmacher, K., Dolsak, N., Arvai, J.
L., Koontz, T. M., Bridge, G., Robbins, P., Richards, K., and Sohngen, B. L. 2006. Adaptive
management of the global climate problem: Bridging the gap between climate research and
climate policy. Climatic Change, 78:2 17-225.
Taylor, C.M., Holder, T.L., Fiorillo, R.A., Williams, L.R., Thomas, R.B., and Warren Jr., M.L.
2006. Distribution, abundance, and diversity of upland stream fishes under variable
environmental conditions. Can. J. Fish. Aqcratic Sci. 63:43-54.
Thompson, A., Robbins, P., Sohngen, B. L., Arvai, J., and Koontz, T. M. 2006. Economy,
politics and institutions: From adaptation to adaptive management in climate change.
Climatic Change, 78: 1-5.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. The Jotrrnal of Land,
Resources & Environmental Law (in press).
Thompson, L.G., H.H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, B.G. Mar and D.R. Hardy. (2007).
Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues to accelerate. Geophysical Research Letters, in
preparation for June 2007 submission.
Duan, K., L. G. Thompson, T. Yao, M. E. Davis and E. Mosley-Thompson. 2007. A I000 year
history of atmospheric sulfate concentrations in southern Asia as recorded by a
Himalayan ice core. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, LO18 10, doi. 10.1029lGL027456.
Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, H. Brecher, M.E. Davis, B. Leon, D. Les, T.A.
Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin, and K. Mountain. 2006. Evidence of abrupt tropical climate change:
past and present. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(28), 10536- 10543.
Ussiri, D., and Lal, R. 2006. Carbon sequestration in reclaimed minesoils. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.,
24: 151-165.
Ussiri, D., Lal, R., and Jacinthe, P.A. 2006. Post reclamation land use effects on soil properties
and carbon sequestration in minesoils of southeastern Ohio. Soil Sci., 171:26 1-27 1.
Ussiri, D., Lal, R., and Jacinthe, P.A. 2006. Soil properties and carbon sequestration of afforested
pastures on reclaimed minesoils of Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,70: 1797- 1806.
Yeh,C. T. Haab., B. Sohngen. 2006. "Modeling Multiple-Objective Trips with Choices over Trip
Duration and Alternative Sites." Journal of Environmental and Reso~rrceEconomics,
34: 189-209.
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Professional Presentations
Henman, K.S., Bouchard, V., and R.H. Moore. Nitrogen removal in agriculturally impacted
headwater streams. USDA - CSREES National Water Quality Conference. Savannah,
Georgia, (2007).
Herrman, K., Bouchard, V., Moore, R. Effects of geomorphology and nitrate loads on
denitrification in agriculturally impacted headwater streams. Ecological Society of
America. Ecological Society of America, Memphis, Tennessee (2007).
Hersha, D., and Williams, L. Protozoan bioassessment tool in headwater streams: an
examination of collecting methods. Water Management Association of Ohio
Conference, Columbus, Ohio. WINNER OF STUDENT POSTER COMPETITION
(2006) - D. Hersha.
Keeler, A. Climate Change and Public Policy. John Glenn School of Public Affairs Food for
Thought Policy Forum Series. Columbus, OH (2007).
Keeler, A. Climate Change Policy and the US role in the International Effort. Columbus
Council on World Affairs. Columbus, OH (2007).
Lal, R. Sustainable horticulture and resource management. Keynote Presentation, Int'l.
Horticulture Congress, Seoul, Korea (2006).
Lal, R. Soil carbon sequestration through water management and soil conservation in semiarid environments. 1 4 ' ~ Int'l. Soil Conservation Organization Conf., Marrakech,
Morocco (2006).
Lal, R. Soil restoration to mitigate global climate change and advance food security.
Presidential Lecture, Iceland, (2006).
Lal, R. Carbon Sequestration in Forest Soils, AGU Spring Meeting, Baltimore, MD (2006).
Lal, R. Soil carbon management to improve productivity and mitigate the climate change.
PAU, Ludhiana, India, (2006).
Lal, R. and E. Amezquita. Managing soils of the tropics to meet societal demands in the 2 1st
century. Colombian Soc. Soil Sci. Bogota, (2006).
Lal, R. Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bio-ethanol production. Intl.
Wrokshop on "Soils and Waste Management: A Challenge to Cliamte Change. Gorizia,
Italy (2006).
Lal, R. Desertification control to sequester carbon and enhance productivity. GEF, Third
General Assembly, Cape Town, South Africa (2006).
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Lal, R. Soil quality impacts of residue removal for bioethanol production. 17th Triennial
Conf. of ISTRO, Kiel Germany (2006).
Lal, R. Soil carbon stocks under present and hture climate carbon sequestration in soils of
Scandinavia, Lillenhammer, Norway (2006).
Lal, R. Soil degradation and environment quality in South Asia. NORAD "Land Degradation
in the Himalayas" Conference, Simla, India (2006).
Lal, R. Interactive effects of desertification on global climate change and food security.
UNU Desertification Conference, Algiers, (2006).
Lal, R. and E. Amezquita, Managing soils of the tropics to meet societal demands of the 21st
century. XI11 Cong. Colombian Soc. Soil Sci. Bogota, Colombia. (2006).
Martin, J., and Altor, A. Effects of Feedstock Composition on Methane Production and
Wastewater Treatment in Low-Tech Anaerobic Digesters. American Ecological
Engineering Society, Manhattan, Kansas (2007).
Martin, J., and Altor, A. Anaerobic Biodigester Technology for Smaller Scale Waste Flows
in Temperate Climates. American Ecological Engineering Society, Manhattan, Kansas
(2007).
Parker, J. Moore, R.H. 2006. Sociocultural Integration and Conservation in the Sugar Creek
Watershed: What is the real promise of globalization? Rural Sociological Society
Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY (2006).
Parker, J., Moore, R.H., Long, S., Stinner, D. 2006. Engaging the Edge: An Organic Amish
Cooperative Redraws the Line between Farm and Market. Society for Applied
Anthropology Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, CANADA (2006).
Smiley, P., and Williams, L. Ecology and management of agricultural drainage ditches: a
literature review. Water Management of Association of Ohio Conference, Columbus,
Ohio (2006).
Sohngen, B. and B. Sun. 2006. "Optimal Set-Asides for Carbon Sequestration and CoBenefits of Forestry." Selected Paper. Chinese Economics Association of North
America session at the Annual Meetings of the Allied Social Sciences Assocation.
Boston, MA. (2006).
Sohngen, B. and R. Sedjo. "Carbon Sequestration Costs in Global Forests." Invited
Presentation. Energy Modeling Forum meeting titled Multigas Mitigation and Climate
Change. Washington, DC. (2006).
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Sohngen, B. "The Role of Leakage in Measuring Carbon Benefits from Reducing
Deforestation." Invited Presentation. The Nature Conservancy, Technical Advisory
Panel Meeting. Arlington, VA. (2006).
Sohngen, B. and S. Brown. "The Cost and Distribution of Carbon Sequestration by Holding
Trees Longer Than the Optimal Rotation Period in US Production Forestry Regions."
Invited Presentation at the Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA). Helsinki, Finland.
(2006).
Sohngen, B. "Approaches to Modeling Economics of Climate Change in Forestry and
Agriculture." Invited Presentation at the University of Helsinki, Department of Forest
Resources. Helsinki, Finland (2006).
Sohngen, B. "A Global Perspective on the Economics of Sequestering Carbon in Forests."
Keynote Address at a workshop titled Forest Ecosystem Carbon and its Economic
Implications. Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA). Helsinki, Finland. (2006).
Sohngen, B. "Cost and Potential for Generating Carbon Credits from Reduced
Deforestation" Invited Presentation at the conference Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation in Developing Countries: A workshop to discuss methodological and policy
issues. Bad Blumau, Austria (2006).
Sohngen, B. and M. Taylor. " Developing Contracts For Pollution Trading:
Performance Considerations for PS-NPS" Plenary Presentation at Conference:
Innovations in Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution. (2006).
Sohngen, B, S. Choi, T. Hertel, A. Golub, M. Tavoni. "Global Forestry and Agricultural
Model." Energy Modeling Forum. Tsukuba, Japan. (2006).
Sohngen, B. and R. Beach. 2007. " Avoided Deforestation as a Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Tool: Economic Issues for Consideration." Invited Presentation. Coalition for Rainforest
Nations Workshop on Avoided Deforestation. Columbia University, New York, NY.
(2007).
Sohngen, B. M. Tavoni, and V. Bosetti. 2007. " The Potential Role of Forests and Wood in
Meeting Carbon Stabilization Targets." Presentation at the conference Workshop on
environmental performance of using wood. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
(2007).
Sohngen, B. M. Tavoni, and V. Bosetti. 2007. " Forestry and the Carbon Market Response
to Stabilize Climate." Presentation at the Department of Rural Economics, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, AB. (2007).
Sohngen, B. and R. Beach. 2007. "Modeling Economic Opportunities for Avoided
Deforestation Presentation at the Forestry and Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Modeling
Forum. Sheperdstown, WV. (2007).
.'I
CWC-TIE Year 1 Report
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Sohngen, B. 2007. " How Much Potential Afforestation, Forest Management, and Avoided
Deforestation Is There? Where, When, and $$$." Invited presentation for USEPA.
Washington, DC. (2007).
Thompson, L.G. 2007. Climate Research Committee, The National Academies, Advisors to
the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine, Spring Meeting, May 16th-17th,
Washington, D.C.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Glaciological Evidence of Abrupt Tropical Climate Change: Past,
Present and Future, Fennilab, May 1 8th,Chicago, IL.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change from Ice," Annual Signature Event
Keynote Speaker for The League of Women Voters, Toledo/Lucas County, May loth,
Toledo, OH.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change," Policy Forum, Page, Hall, May 9th,
Columbus, OH.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Calibration of Oxygen Isotopes in Tropical Ice Cores," Comer
Science and Education Foundation Abrupt Climate Change Fellowship Conference, IBM
Palisades Conference Center, May 2"d - 5h, New York, NY.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "From the Mountain Tops: Evidence for Climate Change in Tropical
Glaciers," University Distinguished Lecture Series, Texas A&M University, May lSt,
College Station, TX.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Glaciological Evidence of Abrupt Tropical Climate Change: Past
and Present," School of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, April 29th,College
Station, TX.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," College of Math
& Physical Sciences Lecture Series, North Dakota State University, Fargo Theater, April
24th,Fargo, ND.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change from Ice," U.S. Coast Guard
Academy, April 16h, New London, CT.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," The Foster
Hewitt Lectures at Lehigh University, EES Dept., April 6Ih,Bethlehem, PA.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Invited Public
Lecture at University of Arizona, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, March 23'",
Tucson, AZ.
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Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Nott Memorial
Invited Lecture at Union College, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Feb. 28Ih,2007,
Schenectady, NY.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "The Adventure and Science of Glacier Research," Distinguished
Explorer Award PresentationILecture, Beloit Memorial High School, and "Understanding
Climate Change," Roy Chapman Andrews Society Distinguished Explorer Acceptance
Lecture, Eaton Chapel, Feb. 22"d & 23'd respectively, Beloit, WI.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Keynote address
for the Nevada Water Resources Annual Conference, Feb. 2 1'', Reno, NV.
Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Communicating and Learning About Global Climate Change," An
Event for Teachers, Students, and other Communicators and Learners, Climate Change
Town Hall Presentation at American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual
Meeting, February 18Ih, San Francisco, CA.
Wiebe, K., R. Lal, C. Barrow and P. Crossen. Soil degradation and food security: incentives
matter. 1 8thworld Cong. Soil Sci., Philadelphia, PA (2006).
Williams, L. Stream biota and the management of riparian zones. Ohio Soil and Water
Conference, Columbus, Ohio (2006).
Williams, L., Goebel, P.C., Bouchard, V., Moore, R.H., Williams, M.G., McCartney, D.,
Stinner, D.H. Impacts of Landscape Scale Disturbances on Aquatic and Riparian
Ecosystems in the Sugar Creek Watershed, Ohio. USDA CSREES National Water
Quality Conference. San Antonio, Texas (2006).
Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J.L., Witter, J.D., and Ward, A. The role of
fish in headwater stream quality monitoring programs: local and landscape perspectives.
Water Management Association of Ohio Conference, Columbus, Ohio (2006).
Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J., Witter, J., Santiago, H., and Ward, A.
Landscape perspectives on biological monitoring in headwater streams. Annual Meeting
of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Placid, New York (2006).
Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J.L., Witter, J.D, Santiago, H., and Ward A.
Impacts of landscape scale disturbances on headwater agricultural streams. American
Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Conference, St. Louis, Missouri (2007).
Faculty and Staff Honors and Awards
Richard H. Moore, recipient of the OSU MagrathIKellogg Award for Engagement and
Outreach
CWC-TIE Year 1 Report
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Lal, R, recipient of the Liebig 2006 Soil Science Award, International Union of Soil
Science, Holland
Lal, R. Presidential Lecture 2006. The Current Trends. Iceland
Lal, R. President of Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
Thompson, Lonnie. U.S. National Medal of Science, 2005 recipient, Awarded May,
2007.
Thompson, Lonnie. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Einstein Lecturer 2007
Thompson, Lonnie. Elected, OSU Sphinx Chapter Senior Member 2007
Thompson, Lonnie. Roy Chapman Andrews Society, 2007 Distingziished Ekplorer
Award
Notable Student Accomplishments
Graduate students Stephanie Lansing and David Lansing moved to EARTH University in
Costa Rica in February 2007. Since that time they have established lab field sites and lab
equipment to complete their research projects related to biodigesters and social aspects of
carbon sequestration.
Graduate student Sindhu Jagadamma has quantified the impact of N fertilization on soil C
sequestration and published two journal article based on this research.
Graduate student Adam Selhorst has measured the rate of C sequestration in turf and golf
courses in Ohio, which comprises unique data.
Graduate student Umakant Mishra has assessed soil C stock changes in landscapes of Indiana
and Ohio using terrain characteristics and GIs techniques.
Graduate student Anjali Dubey is evaluating C footprints of agriculture in Ohio, USA, and
Punjab, India.
Graduate student Daniel Ortega-Pachecl will work with the John Glenn School of Public
Affairs, School of Environment and Natural Resources, and Agricultural, Environmental, and
Development Economics to better understand the role and cost of institutional design in
implementing carbon sequestration in Latin America.
Graduate student Adam Daigneault assessed the implications of forest fire management and
carbon sequestration options on optimal forest rotations. He has taken a job at the USEPA
National Center for Environmental Economics.
Graduate student Karl Meeusen has conducted a Monte Carlo simulation of the implications
of biomass energy and carbons sequestration on forestry management.
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Outreach and Engagement Activities
United Nations Development Program
A carbon sequestration training program is being planned by the United Nations
Development Program in Costa Rica. The program is expected to take place during the Fall of
2007 and will involve about 15 UNDP staff from around the world. The focus of the training
course will be on trading credits for carbon sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., soils,
forests, wetlands). A multi-disciplinary faculty of CWC including foresters, soil scientists,
economists and social scientists will run the training course.
Iceland President, 0 l a f i r Ragnar Grimsson Visit to OSU
In cooperation with the Office of the President, Office of the Provost, and the Office of
Research, CWC was honored to welcome 0 l a h r Ragnar Grimsson, President of the Republic of
Iceland, to campus on April 2,2007. A key objective of his April 2nd visit and lecture was
fulfilled when President Holbrook signed a Memorandum of Understanding intended to foster
student exchange, visiting scientists, graduate student research, and a general coordination of
activities related to land restoration and climate change between Ohio State and Iceland's three
chief universities (the University of Iceland, the Agricultural University of Iceland, and Akureyri
University. President Grimsson presented the first "University Distinguished International
Lecture" entitled "The Challenges of Climate Change: Iceland, a Laboratory for Global
Solutions" to a fill lecture hall at the Werner Center.
The first product of this agreement has already been realized. Dr. Guanin Gisladottir,
Professor, Department of Geography and Tourism and the Earth Science Institute at the
University of Iceland is currently spending 6 weeks as a visiting scholar at Ohio State. She is
being hosted by the Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and
Natural Resources, but is also interacting with faculty in the Byrd Polar Research Center and the
Department of Geography, OSU.
A second product of the Iceland agreement is an international symposium entitled "Soils,
Society and Global Change" to be held from 1-5 September 2007 in Selfoss, Iceland. The
theme of the symposium is land restoration and desertification control to mitigate climate
change, improve the environment (e.g., water quality, biodiversity) and enhance ecosystem
productivity. The symposium organizing committee includes representatives from the Soil
Conservation Service of Iceland; the United Nations University Tokyo, Japan; United Nations
Development Program, New York, USA; and scientists from Israel, Holland, U.K., Australia,
and The Ohio State University. The symposium will be attended by about 100 participants from
around the world, including sub-Saharan Africa where the problems of soil erosion and
degradation are most severe. Attendees from Ohio State may include (and are not limited to) Dr.
R. McGrath, Dr. B. Moser, Dr. D.O. Hansen, Dr. J. Bigham, Dr. B. Lyons, Dr. E. Thompson, Dr.
L. Thompson, Dr. W. Mitsch, Dr. A. Keeler, Dr. T. Koontz and Dr. R. Lal.
An expected outcome of the symposium will be a "Reykjavik Declaration" highlighting
the importance of sustainable land management to address pressing global issues of the 2 1 st
century.
CWC-TIE Year 1 Report
Page 16 of 20
North Central Regional Association (NCRA) of State Agriculture Experiment Station Directors
Members of the FAES-CWC steering committee met with Dr. Arlen Leholm, Executive
Director of NCRA in May to discuss possible advances in multi-state research and research
priorities to be developed in cooperation with CWC.
Climate Change Policy
Dr. Andy Keeler, John Glenn School of Public Affairs, has given several lectures about
climate change policy to disseminate objective information to the public. Venues have including
WOSU's Open Line with Fred Anderle (2007), a "Step It Up" Statehouse Rally (2007), and the
Byrd Polar Research Center's Public Outreach Series.
Carbon Mana~ementand Sequestration Center
The C-MASC has worked closely with USDOE Office of Science (Germantown,
Washington, DC) and Office of Fossil Energy (Pittsburgh and Morgan Town, PA) to promote
collaboration. Collaboration has also been developed with UNDP (New York) and the
Convention on Desertification Control (CNC of United Nations) to link desertification control to
C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
CWC seminars
March 15, 2007 - Jialin Lin, NOAAIESRLICIRES - Boulder, CO. "Climate Diagnostics
Center". Faculty candidate for CWCISBS - Geography
March 27, 2007 - Youmin Tang, University of Northern British Columbia. "Climate Prediction
and Predictability".
April 23,2007 - Taotao Qian, NCAR, Boulder, CO. "Several Studies of Climate Change Using
NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM3)". Staff candidate for a research position
CWCISBS - Geography
May 29, 2007 - Guanin Gisladdttir, University of Iceland. "Land Degradation in Iceland:
Vegetation, soils, land use and climate change."
Other Service
Thompson, L.G. 2007. Chairman, Nevada Climate Change Panel, Nevada Water Resources
Annual Conference, Feb. 2 I", Reno, NV.
Curriculum Development
A direct outcome of the student exchange relationship established by of the
Memorandums of Understanding with the Icelandic institutions, is the development of a new
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Page 17 of 20
course, "Icelandic environmental issues, history, and culture" as part of the Environment and
Natural Resources Scholars Program within the School of Environment and Natural Resources.
This study abroad program, is scheduled to begin in June 2008 at The Agricultural University of
Iceland and will give undergraduate students in the ENR Scholars Program an opportunity to
attend lectures on Icelandic culture and history combined with field trips to cultural and natural
resource where land preservation efforts will be studied and comparisons drawn between the
United States and Iceland. The numerous environmental issues found throughout the Iceland
provide an outdoor classroom for students to study and observe the threats of poor resource
protection, the possibilities of environmental restoration, and the benefits of resource
conservation.
ENR students will be required to enroll in ENR 694 (2 hours) during Spring quarter,
2008. ENR 694 is designed to provide students with an academic introduction to Iceland and to
the various environmental topics that will be explored first-hand while in-country. While in
Iceland, students will enroll in ENR 697.03 (3 hours) and will receive credit upon successfLl
completion of the program. A total of 5 OSU credit hours will be awarded.
A group of 6 graduate students will be taken to Iceland in June, 2007, to field test the
program, so improvements and changes can be implemented prior to June 2008.
As a result of Dr. Andy Keeler's collaborations with other OSU TIE participants, he was
able to update and improve his graduate class on climate policy. Three TIE faculty gave guest
lectures, and the scientific perspective was much better integrated into the course.
Awards Received
Dates:
2007-2012
National Science Foundation. Linking watershed research and GK- 12 education
within an ecosystem context. $2,958,177 (PIS - R. Moore, L. Williams, C. Hoy,
V. Bouchard, C. Goebel, A. Rodewald, P. Griwell, and D. Stinner)
2006-2009
U.S.D.A Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service.
Landscape scale disturbances in an agroecosystem: impacts on aquatic and
riparian environments in the Sugar Creek Watershed, Ohio. $590,000 (PIS-L.
Williams, R.H. Moore, V. Bouchard, C.P. Goebel, D. Stinner
2006-2009
Purdue University. Using social indicators to improve adoption of land
management practices to protect water quality in three Midwestern watersheds.
$116,146 (PI - J.E. Bonnell)
2006-2008
Ohio Coal Development Office. Enhancing the carbon pool in mined soils of
Ohio. $249,972. (PI - R. Lal)
2006-2007
Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC. In field continuous, non-invasive soil
carbon scanning system. $70,875. (PI - R. Lal)
CWC-TIE Year 1 Report
Page 18 of 20
2006-2008
National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges. On-farm
water management for rain-fed agriculture on benchmark watersheds in five
diverse eco-regions of India. $29,703. (PIS - R. La1 and D. Hansen)
2006-2008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Wilma H . Schierrneier Olentangy River
Wetland Research Park: Teaching, research, and outreach initiative. $480,300.
(PIS - W.J. Mitsch, R.P. Dick, and J.F. Martin)
2006-2008
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Understanding ecological processes in
channelized headwater systems is a key to ecosystem protection while
maintaining crop production. $95,971. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams)
2006-2007
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Olentangy River watershed
implementation project. $24,500. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams)
2006-2008
U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Aquatic ecological monitoring in the Wayne National
Forest, Ohio. $28,000. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams)
2006-2007
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. A watershed approach to evaluating
enhancement and restoration in Ohio's focus watersheds. $58,689. (PI - L.
Williams)
Proposals submitted
National Science Foundation. Gases for the Masses: Developing Low-Tech Variable
Temperature Anaerobic Digesters for Temperate Climates. $338,000 (PI-J. Martin and A.
Altor) Submitted February 2007.
NSF-Major Research Instrumentation proposal submitted January 25,2007. In review. "MRI:
Acquisition of Equipment to Advance Our Understanding of Past and Contemporary Earth
System Changes Emphasizing Climate, Water and Carbon Linkages." PI: Ellen MosleyThompson, CO PIS: Anne Carey, Leonid Polyak, W. Berry Lyons and Lonnie Thompson.
Amount requested: $1,356,706.00.
Graduate and Undergraduate Research Opportunities
The City of Columbus will likely support removal of the 5thAve. Dam on the Olentangy
River. If so, the Olentangy River Dam Removal Project will provide an outstanding, campuswide undergraduate research opportunity. FAES will provide CWC support to facilitate
undergraduate research on water quality through this effort.
Utilizing CWC resources Dr. Andy Keeler was able to recruit an experienced graduate
student to work on a collaborative project with OSU TIE researchers from two other different
CWC-TIE Year 1 Report
Page 19 of 20
academic units to better understand the role and cost of institutional design in implementing
carbon sequestration in Latin America.
Leveraging Resources
The CFAES has decided to leverage faculty resources obtained through the CWC-TIE by
making these resources available to participating Schools/Departments/ Colleges on a
competitive (matching) basis, especially where interdisciplinary collaborations are possible. The
School of Environment and Natural Resources has provided matching funds to hire a new faculty
member in Decision ScienceIRisk Analysis with the goal of addressing risk factors related to
natural resource management as a result of global climate change. Hopefully, at least three more
faculty positions can be defined through this process.
Appendix A (Implementation Plan) follows this report.
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