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TIE Climate, Water and Carbon Annual Report Year 1 (July 1,2006 through May 3 1,2007) Submitted by: CWC Advisory Board May 3 1,2007 Narrative Summary Among the most promising aspects of the initiatives have been the strong efforts made to organize collective action ("the sum exceeding the parts" argument championed by the deans). The Implementation Plan was written in November 06 and consists of a section on the Patterns of Administration (POA). The POA is attached (Appendix A) and provides a framework for how the CWC Initiative will be conducted. The governance consists of an Advisory Board (AB) with a Chair. The Chair reports to the three Deans and is appointed by the Deans. The current AB consists of the Chair of the Department of Geography, Directors of the School of Earth Sciences (SES), the School of Environmental and Natural Resources (SENR), and the John Glenn School of Public Affairs (JGSPA). There are also two faculty members from each initiating unit, one faculty from JGSPA, and the Chair of the AB, currently Dr. Lyons. Another example outcome has been the enhanced linkage to the policy area (Dr. Andy Keeler). As a result we are far beyond the earliest steps, having now facilitatedlorganized a joint seminar committee and presentations on this theme. The greatest accomplishment to date has been to recognize that without cohesion the TIE investment would simply fund business as usual. Indeed the sense of the relevance and urgency of the action plan has been heightened. The major speech by the President of Iceland exemplified the high profile this area has achieved in a very short time. We have gone a step hrther in SBSIMAPS by combining finds into a unified account with budgeted activities that are representative of the major goals of the initial proposal. It is fair to say that rather intense growing pains were part of this process. It was only when we came to make positive faculty moves that we realized that the immense resource base for this program gives us an unparalleled advantage. The initiative has helped galvanize a cluster hire in the area of climate modeling in the department of Geography's Program in Atmospheric Science. As a result of the availability of resources the ordinarily difficult task of making a dual career hire to fill important parts of the TIE capability has materialized. This will tap in nicely to the initiatives in super-computing and greatly increase our capacity in the STEMM areas for graduate training. We are also satisfied that a similar level of activity in the other components of the initiatives have resulted in a de facto cluster across the colleges. This first CWC report and other current activities, events and accomplishments will be available on the CWC website at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/cwc/. This website is updated on a regular basis. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 1 of 20 Project accomplishments and Implementation 200712008 Demonstration project to initiate a Climate and Water Program in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru and research initiated in Central Africa (specifically Mount Kilimanjaro). The hture of humanity and the quality of our daily lives necessitate a deeper understanding of Earth's climate system, which sustains all life and is now threatened and compromised by human activities (population growth, economic development and unsustainable resource use). For example, the melting of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has progressed from the time of Hemingway's writings in 1938, when the ice cap was thick and covered the mountain, to an expected extinction by 2020. The loss of major alpine glaciers within the next generation of humans is one of the strongest indicators of an abruptly changing climate that is happening now because of drastic perturbations in the global carbon cycle. The impact on water resources of this sudden shift in global temperatures can most easily be understood by the loss of snow fields that annually supply water to a billion people in the basins surrounding the Himalaya Mountains. We propose the OSU Climate, Water, and Carbon Program (CWCP) as OSU's scientific and policyoriented response to these critical issues. Both the research projects for the Peruvian Andes and Kilimanjaro are in various stages of execution, but we are on schedule as set out in our first year's proposed activities. Kilimanjaro We will use the case study approach that develops knowledge and methodologies in a systematic fashion to generate results that can be extrapolated to regional and global scales. One target area will be Mount Kilimanjaro, which has been chosen because of the successful pioneering research that OSU has already accomplished, and because Kilimanjaro has become the iconic symbol of climate change in Africa. Six ice cores recovered from the ice fields atop Kilimanjaro in 2000 have provided a -1 1,700 year record of regional climate and environmental variability. These nearly continuous and high-resolution records document three abrupt regional climate changes, at -8.3, -5.2 and -4.2 thousand years ago. The latter event was coincident with the 'First Dark Ages', a period of the greatest historically recorded drought that occurred throughout tropical Africa and appears to have extended to the Middle East, western Asia and even to tropical South America. The 20th century wasting of the Kilimanjaro ice fields is unprecedented in the last 10,000 years, and their combined areal extent has decreased roughly 80% from -1 2 km2 in 19 12 to -2.6 krn2 in 2000. If current climatological conditions continue, Kilimanjaro's remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 201 5 and 2020. The new Kilimanjaro project began in January, 2006. The specific objectives include measuring the area and volume of glacier loss since 2000 using new (2006) aerial photos and ground-based studies. A water sampling program (in which Prof. Bryan Mark from OSU's Department of Geography participates) quantifies the current dry season water geochemistry (e.g., stable isotopes, major anions and cations). Last year samples were collected from selected wells and springs for tritium and I4cdating. The objective was to determine the age of the consumable water in order to assess the impact that the loss of the Kilimanjaro ice fields will CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 2 of 20 have on regional water supplies. This is a basis for the ultimate goal of producing a regional hydrological model that can be used to predict how the current abrupt climate change will affect water resources upon which the growing population at the base of Kilimanjaro is so dependent. We are emphasizing a novel trans-disciplinary approach that will generate new understanding and provide a transferable framework that may be applied elsewhere (e.g., arid western Andes or the Himalayas). Experts from different disciplines are not simply coordinated to work separately in the same location; rather, a spectrum of skills will be applied by a team committed to the objectives of this program. Thus, the insights and methods from different disciplines will be essential to substantively inform one another, to steer the research, and to broaden our understanding of the Earth's complex climate and hydrologic systems. Plans are still in progress for the late 2007 or early 2008 expedition to Kilimanjaro. We have identified a colleague in Tanzania who will start the permit process necessary for establishing this project. Dr. Kimaro Tumaini Anderson of the Water Resources Engineering Department of the University of Dar es Salaam is a hydrologist by profession and is interested in the hydrology of Mount Kilimanjaro, especially the impact of snowmelt on water resources from the mountain. We plan to submit a full scientific plan to Dr. Anderson during the summer so he can start the permitting process. We envision a water sampling program in January and February of 2008 around the base of Kilimanjaro, as well as on the summit. We have already commissioned Nils Wiklund of Photomap International Inc. in Nairobi, Kenya to take black and white aerial photographs at an altitude of 23,900 feet to cover the same area and approximately the same scale as our 2000 and 2006 photos. This photography is planned for June of 2007. Policy research will be conducted by Andrew Keeler of the John Glenn School of Public Policy and David Kraybill of FAES. He will be attending a meeting on climate and the environment in Kampala, Uganda, and he also plans to travel to Tanzania. The Andes Not only is the loss of ice on Kilimanjaro apparently imminent, but the glaciers in the Peruvian Andes are also melting at an accelerating rate (Thompson et al., PNAS, 2006). However, the number of people in the Andean region who will be affected by the impact on their water resources is much larger than the number in Tanzania who will be affected when Kilimanjaro's ice is gone. The Peruvian Andes contain 70% of the Earth's tropical glaciers, and these glaciers feed both rivers flowing west to the Pacific and east into the Amazon River. The Amazon Basin incorporates the high peaks of the Andes Mountains where ice coring has successfully demonstrated past changes in basin wide precipitation. Rainfall has varied greatly in the past and includes protracted drought periods, but the connections with basin-wide hydrology and wetland carbon fluxes has not been made. The potential global impacts on climate from low water periods with much smaller wetlands may well be significant given that today the flooded areas around the Amazon are the largest in the world, thus impacting global carbon exchange processes. We presently have crude estimates of the extent of wetland areas, which can be refined with remote sensing and basin-wide hydrologic modeling. This wetland model can be projected back in time with the ice core precipitation proxy and connected with carbon flux estimates that depend on knowledge of flooded areas. Research presented at the 2006 AGU in December by Natalie Johnson (M.S. student under the direction of Prof. Doug CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 3 of 20 Alsdorf) demonstrates that large-scale hydrologic events affecting the flow in the Amazon also affect the precipitation that feeds the Quelccaya ice cap in southern Peru. The ice core accumulation history from Quelccaya is linked to Amazon discharge during very large hydrologic events. The expertise within the CWCP includes all components of this study: ice core climatology, Amazon hydrology, and wetland carbon fluxes, and requires a team-based approach that integrates these disciplines. Completion of this work will provide firm grounding for carrying out similar studies worldwide, thus generating sustained external finding. For example, this study dovetails with the Kilimanjaro research (noted above) by carrying the ice core precipitation proxies for central Africa into the Congo Basin. This project also ties together our three core questions and, by geographically extending the project to other large-scale basins, will allow us to address them more rigorously. As part of the envisioned climate and water program, a field team from the OSU BPRC Ice Core Paleoclimate Research Group plans to mount an expedition to the Peruvian Andes from June 15 to July 15,2007. There are two objectives: (1) to continue the documentation of changes on the Quelccaya ice cap, and (2) to locate a new research site in the Andes of northcentral Peru from which cores can be recovered. During the first part of this field program on Quelccaya (the largest tropical ice cap on Earth) we will continue the photographing and mapping of the retreat of the Qori Kalis glacier (the longest monitored tropical glacier on Earth), collect plants from the retreating margins of the Quelccaya ice cap, and collect snow pit and shallow ice cores from the summit to document changes in chemistry. Bryan Mark (OSU Geography) and Jeff McKenzie (McGill University) will conduct a water sampling project to determine source areas. We will join up with a group from University of Massachusetts (which includes Raymond Bradley, Douglas Hardy and Carsten Braun) to raise the satellite linked weather station on the summit. Last year 47% of the days had maximum one hour temperatures above freezing at the 5670 meters summit, and during 1 1 of those days the maximum temperatures rose above 2OC. We expect to document very large changes this year. We are also planning to locate and photograph a glacier on the flanks of Mt. Ausangate, which was first photographed in the mid- 1930's by a Peruvian photographer Martin Chambi Jimenes. Three TV news crews are documenting this expedition: Der Spiegel TV from Germany, PBS's NOVA, and possibly CBS's 60 Minutes. During the second part of the field program (July lStto July isth 2007) we will be searching through the Cordilleras Huayhuash, Raura and Blanca for a favorable ice-core drilling site at the head of the Amazon River. It is expected that future drilling programs will be finded by the National Science Foundation, and will provide an important part of the data input for long term mass balance and water discharge determinations for both the Pacific and Atlantic basins. During the course of this trip Lonnie Thompson will be giving lectures at several venues throughout southern Peru (Lima, Cusco, Sicuani). These are being organized by the Practical Action-Intermediate Technology Development Group. Attending will be journalists, university teachers, NGO representatives, people from governmental organizations such as INRENA and SENAMHI, and congressional representatives from Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 4 of 20 CWC-FAES Steering Committee FAES has established a CWC-FAES steering committee to a) prioritize research and training activities that might be facilitated with resources obtained through the CWC-TIE and b) coordinate FAES activities with those of MAPS, SBS and The Glenn School. The ultimate goal is to define an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach for studying the coupled cycling of carbon (C) and water in natural and managed ecosystems impacted by changing climate. The Steering Committee, appointed by Dr. Steve Slack, comprises representatives from soil science; forestry; food, agricultural, and biological engineering; environment and developmental economics; and environmental policy and management. The Committee has given high priority to graduate education and research projects that cut across disciplines and facilitate synthesis. Program management will be through the existing Carbon Management and Sequestration Center. The overall strategy is to build upon the strengths of existing programs and to explore new research opportunities through collaborative arrangements with other faculty and other disciplines. Geographically, the CWC-FAES envisages focusing on several sites. Ohio: There are several existing programs that can be strengthened and expanded through (i) the CWC-FAES program. These include the Sugar Creek Watershed Management project funded by NSF and USDA CSREES, the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) funded by USDOE, and the Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases (CASMGS), among others. Costa Rica: A collaborative program between OSU and the EARTH University was (ii) initiated in 2004 with funding from DOE. This multi-disciplinary research program includes C sequestration in soils and trees, restoration of wetlands, biodigesters for household energy, trading C credits in agricultural communities, etc. A workshop on methodology for trading C credits is planned for Fall 2007 and will be sponsored by the United Nations Development Program. Iceland: The visit of President Grimsson in April 2007, and the signing of an MOU (iii) between the major Icelandic universities and OSU provides a unique opportunity to use Iceland as a field laboratory for developing an integrated study involving the impacts of climate change on glacier dynamics, sea level rise, biodiversity, and water quality while also investigating mitigative (soil conservation, desertification control, afforestation, C sequestration), and adaptive strategies (economics, policy imperatives of C, social-behavioral factors) for dealing with these issues. President Grimsson also suggested a collaborative program on desertification control and soil restoration in Africa, and glacier melting and soil degradation in the Himalayan region of India. MAPS, SBS and FAES have on-going activities in the Himalayan region; thus it is possible to link CWC with these programs. Likewise, FAES has a long track record of programs in soil restoration in sub-Saharan Africa that can be linked to the emerging CWC program. The visit of the President of Iceland in April 2007 began a discussion between CWC scientists at OSU and the Presidential delegation from Iceland dealing with a joint investigation of the loss of glaciers in India and the resultant water resources and water policy issues. Drs. Lyons and Bigham are currently preparing a short document that will be used to continue this CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 5 of 20 joint activity, to engage the appropriate Icelandic scientists, and to push the joint research program to fruition. Dr. Bigham will be in Iceland in early June 2007 to continue these discussions. SBS (Geography) Faculty and Staff Hires Dr. Jialin Lin was hired as the first SBS-FTE under the TIE-CWC as an Assistant Professor and will begin in the Fall of 2007. His expertise is in climate modeling. Dr. Taotao Qian was hired as a Research Scientist through CWC funds and she will also begin in the Fall of 2007. Her expertise is in climate/oceanic/global hydrologic modeling. She will initially work with Professor David Bromwich. These two hires have greatly enhanced our strengths and abilities in climate modeling and along with teams of faculty in BPRC, SES and the Department of Geography will allow us to better compete for funding in this important research area. Seed Proposals Drs. Lyons and Schwartz (Director, SES) will call a series of meetings to solicit requests for the use of some Year 1 funds to build teams of individuals not yet support through CWC to address CWC questions that were posed through the initial proposal and as outlined in the Implementation Plan. It is expected that some of these finds will go to support activities directed toward CWC issues within the Ohio River Basin. These funds will be directed primarily toward MAPS faculty but the other initiating partner units will be invited to join the discussions. It is hoped that this activity will be accomplished by June 2007. It has been delayed in the past to the tardiness of establishing the joint SBSIMAPS account. Peer-reviewed publications (published and in press) Altor, A. E. and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Methane flux from created wetlands: Relationship to intermittent versus continuous inundation and emergent macrophytes. Ecol. Eng. 28: 224234. Anderson, C. J., and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Sediment, carbon, and nutrient accumulation at two 10year-old created riverine marshes. Wetlands, 26: 779-792. Arvai, Joseph, Gavin Bridge, Nives Dolsak, Robert Franzese, Tomas Koontz, April Luginbuhl, Paul Robbins, Kenneth Richards, Katrina Smith Korfmacher, Brent Sohngen, James Tansey, Alexander Thompson, Alexander. 2006. "Adaptive Management of the Global Climate Problem: Bridging the Gap Between Climate Research and Climate Policy." Climatic Change, 78(1):217-225. J. Arvai, T. Koontz, P. Robbins, A. Thompson, and B. Sohngen edited a special issue of the journal Climatic Change, published in 2006. (Volume 78, Issue 1). CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 6 of 20 Blanco-Canqui, H., Lal, R., Post, W., Izaurralde, R., and Owens, L. 2006. Rapid changes in soil carbon and structural properties due to stover removal from no-till corn plots. Soil Sci. 171:468-482. Carey, A.E. and Lyons, W.B., Cities vs. farms impacting water quality: An example from the Eastern Corn Belt, USA, Applied Geochemistry. In press. Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J.W., Jr. 2006. Creating a sustainable and desirable New Orleans. Ecol. Eng. 26:3 17-320. Costanza, R., Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. 2006. A new vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi delta: applying ecological economics and ecological engineering. Front. Ecol. Environ. 4: 465 - 472. Day, J.W., Jr., Boesch, D.F., Clairain, E.J., Kemp, G.P., Laska, S.B., Mitsch, W.J., Orth, K., Mashriqui, H., Reed, D.J., Shabman, L., Simenstad, C.A., Streever, B.J., Twilley, R.R., Watson, C.C., Wells, J.T., and Whigham, D.F. 2007. Restoration of the Mississippi delta: Lessons from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science, 315: 1679- 1684. Fitzgibbon, T. and Lyons, W.B., Mercury concentrations in and fluxes from Ohio rivers flowing into Lake Erie, International Journal of Great Lake Research. In press. Hernandez, M. E., and Mitsch, W. J. 2006. Influence of hydrologic pulses, flooding frequency, and vegetation on nitrous oxide emissions from created riparian marshes. Wetlands, 26: 862877. Jacinthe, P., and Lal, R. 2006. Methane oxidation potential of reclaimed grassland soils as affected by management. Soil Sci., 171: 772-783. Jacinthe, P., and Lal, R. 2006. Spatial variability of soil properties and trace gas fluxes in reclaimed mineland of southeastern Ohio. Geoderma, 136: 598-608. Jarecki, M., and Lal, R. 2006. Compost and mulch effects on gaseous flux from an Alfisol in Ohio. Soil Sci., 171:249-260. Jimenez, J., and Lal, R. 2006. Mechanisms of soil C sequestration in Latin American soils. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 25337-366. Keeler, Andrew. "State Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policies: A Move in the Right Direction?" Policy Sciences (in press). Lal, R. 2006. Hydrologic sources of carbon cycling uncertainty throughout the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Global Change Biol., 1l(11): 1873- 1882. Lal, R. 2006. Land area for establishing biohel plantations. Energy Sustainable Develop. X(2):67-79. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 7 of 20 Lal, R. 2006. Soil and environmental implications of using crop residues as biohel feed stocks. Int 'I. Sugar J., 108(1287): 161-167. Lorenz, K., Lal, R., and Shipitalo, M. 2006. Stabilization of organic carbon in chemically separated pools in no-till and meadow soils in northern Appalachia. Geoderma, 137: 20521 1. Lorenz, K., Preston, C.M., and Kandeler, E. 2006. Soil organic matter in urban soils: Estimation of elemental carbon by thermal oxidation and characterization of organic matter by solidstate 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Geoderma, 130:3 12-323. Lyons, W.B. and Finlay, J.C. Biogeochemical Processes, In: Polar Limnology - High Latitude Lake and River Ecosystems (ed. W. Vincent and J. Laybourn-Pany), Oxford University Press. In press. Mitsch, W. J., and Day, J. W. 2006. Restoration of wetlands in the Mississippi-Ohio-Missouri (MOM) River Basin: Experience and needed research. Ecol. Eng., 26: 55-69. Murray, B.C., B. Sohngen, M.T. Ross. 2007. "Economic Consequences of Consideration of Permanence, Leakage and Additionality for Soil Carbon Sequestration Projects." Climatic Change, 80(1-2): 127- 143. Rivers, L. 2006. A post-Katrina call to action for the risk analysis community. Risk Anal., 26: 12. Sartori, F., Lal, R., Ebinger, M., and Parish, D. 2006. Potential soil carbon sequestration and CO;! offset by dedicated energy crops in the USA. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 25: 441-472. Shrestha, R. K. and Lal, R. 2006. Ecosystem carbon budgeting and soil carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soil. Environ. Int., 32:781-796. Smialek, J., Bouchard, V. , Lippman, B., Quigley, M., Granata, T., Martin J., and Brown. L. 2006. Effect of a woody (Salix nigra) and herbaceous (Juncus efusus) macrophyte species on methane dynamics and denitrification. Wetlands, 26:509-5 17. Sohngen, B. and S. Brown. 2006. "The Influence of Conversion of Forest Types on Carbon Sequestration and other Ecosystem Services in the South Central United States." Ecological Economics, 57:698-708. Sohngen, B and R. Sedjo. 2006. "Carbon Sequestration in Global Forests Under Different Carbon Price Regimes." Energy Jotlrnal, 27: 109- 126. Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S. 2006. Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till practice. Soil Sci., 171:950-959. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 8 of 20 Tansey, A., Luginbuhl, A., Thompson, A., Franzese, R., Korfmacher, K., Dolsak, N., Arvai, J. L., Koontz, T. M., Bridge, G., Robbins, P., Richards, K., and Sohngen, B. L. 2006. Adaptive management of the global climate problem: Bridging the gap between climate research and climate policy. Climatic Change, 78:2 17-225. Taylor, C.M., Holder, T.L., Fiorillo, R.A., Williams, L.R., Thomas, R.B., and Warren Jr., M.L. 2006. Distribution, abundance, and diversity of upland stream fishes under variable environmental conditions. Can. J. Fish. Aqcratic Sci. 63:43-54. Thompson, A., Robbins, P., Sohngen, B. L., Arvai, J., and Koontz, T. M. 2006. Economy, politics and institutions: From adaptation to adaptive management in climate change. Climatic Change, 78: 1-5. Thompson, L.G. 2007. Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. The Jotrrnal of Land, Resources & Environmental Law (in press). Thompson, L.G., H.H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, B.G. Mar and D.R. Hardy. (2007). Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues to accelerate. Geophysical Research Letters, in preparation for June 2007 submission. Duan, K., L. G. Thompson, T. Yao, M. E. Davis and E. Mosley-Thompson. 2007. A I000 year history of atmospheric sulfate concentrations in southern Asia as recorded by a Himalayan ice core. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, LO18 10, doi. 10.1029lGL027456. Thompson, L.G., E. Mosley-Thompson, H. Brecher, M.E. Davis, B. Leon, D. Les, T.A. Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin, and K. Mountain. 2006. Evidence of abrupt tropical climate change: past and present. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(28), 10536- 10543. Ussiri, D., and Lal, R. 2006. Carbon sequestration in reclaimed minesoils. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 24: 151-165. Ussiri, D., Lal, R., and Jacinthe, P.A. 2006. Post reclamation land use effects on soil properties and carbon sequestration in minesoils of southeastern Ohio. Soil Sci., 171:26 1-27 1. Ussiri, D., Lal, R., and Jacinthe, P.A. 2006. Soil properties and carbon sequestration of afforested pastures on reclaimed minesoils of Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,70: 1797- 1806. Yeh,C. T. Haab., B. Sohngen. 2006. "Modeling Multiple-Objective Trips with Choices over Trip Duration and Alternative Sites." Journal of Environmental and Reso~rrceEconomics, 34: 189-209. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 9 of 20 Professional Presentations Henman, K.S., Bouchard, V., and R.H. Moore. Nitrogen removal in agriculturally impacted headwater streams. USDA - CSREES National Water Quality Conference. Savannah, Georgia, (2007). Herrman, K., Bouchard, V., Moore, R. Effects of geomorphology and nitrate loads on denitrification in agriculturally impacted headwater streams. Ecological Society of America. Ecological Society of America, Memphis, Tennessee (2007). Hersha, D., and Williams, L. Protozoan bioassessment tool in headwater streams: an examination of collecting methods. Water Management Association of Ohio Conference, Columbus, Ohio. WINNER OF STUDENT POSTER COMPETITION (2006) - D. Hersha. Keeler, A. Climate Change and Public Policy. John Glenn School of Public Affairs Food for Thought Policy Forum Series. Columbus, OH (2007). Keeler, A. Climate Change Policy and the US role in the International Effort. Columbus Council on World Affairs. Columbus, OH (2007). Lal, R. Sustainable horticulture and resource management. Keynote Presentation, Int'l. Horticulture Congress, Seoul, Korea (2006). Lal, R. Soil carbon sequestration through water management and soil conservation in semiarid environments. 1 4 ' ~ Int'l. Soil Conservation Organization Conf., Marrakech, Morocco (2006). Lal, R. Soil restoration to mitigate global climate change and advance food security. Presidential Lecture, Iceland, (2006). Lal, R. Carbon Sequestration in Forest Soils, AGU Spring Meeting, Baltimore, MD (2006). Lal, R. Soil carbon management to improve productivity and mitigate the climate change. PAU, Ludhiana, India, (2006). Lal, R. and E. Amezquita. Managing soils of the tropics to meet societal demands in the 2 1st century. Colombian Soc. Soil Sci. Bogota, (2006). Lal, R. Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bio-ethanol production. Intl. Wrokshop on "Soils and Waste Management: A Challenge to Cliamte Change. Gorizia, Italy (2006). Lal, R. Desertification control to sequester carbon and enhance productivity. GEF, Third General Assembly, Cape Town, South Africa (2006). CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 10 of 20 Lal, R. Soil quality impacts of residue removal for bioethanol production. 17th Triennial Conf. of ISTRO, Kiel Germany (2006). Lal, R. Soil carbon stocks under present and hture climate carbon sequestration in soils of Scandinavia, Lillenhammer, Norway (2006). Lal, R. Soil degradation and environment quality in South Asia. NORAD "Land Degradation in the Himalayas" Conference, Simla, India (2006). Lal, R. Interactive effects of desertification on global climate change and food security. UNU Desertification Conference, Algiers, (2006). Lal, R. and E. Amezquita, Managing soils of the tropics to meet societal demands of the 21st century. XI11 Cong. Colombian Soc. Soil Sci. Bogota, Colombia. (2006). Martin, J., and Altor, A. Effects of Feedstock Composition on Methane Production and Wastewater Treatment in Low-Tech Anaerobic Digesters. American Ecological Engineering Society, Manhattan, Kansas (2007). Martin, J., and Altor, A. Anaerobic Biodigester Technology for Smaller Scale Waste Flows in Temperate Climates. American Ecological Engineering Society, Manhattan, Kansas (2007). Parker, J. Moore, R.H. 2006. Sociocultural Integration and Conservation in the Sugar Creek Watershed: What is the real promise of globalization? Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY (2006). Parker, J., Moore, R.H., Long, S., Stinner, D. 2006. Engaging the Edge: An Organic Amish Cooperative Redraws the Line between Farm and Market. Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, CANADA (2006). Smiley, P., and Williams, L. Ecology and management of agricultural drainage ditches: a literature review. Water Management of Association of Ohio Conference, Columbus, Ohio (2006). Sohngen, B. and B. Sun. 2006. "Optimal Set-Asides for Carbon Sequestration and CoBenefits of Forestry." Selected Paper. Chinese Economics Association of North America session at the Annual Meetings of the Allied Social Sciences Assocation. Boston, MA. (2006). Sohngen, B. and R. Sedjo. "Carbon Sequestration Costs in Global Forests." Invited Presentation. Energy Modeling Forum meeting titled Multigas Mitigation and Climate Change. Washington, DC. (2006). CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 11 of 20 Sohngen, B. "The Role of Leakage in Measuring Carbon Benefits from Reducing Deforestation." Invited Presentation. The Nature Conservancy, Technical Advisory Panel Meeting. Arlington, VA. (2006). Sohngen, B. and S. Brown. "The Cost and Distribution of Carbon Sequestration by Holding Trees Longer Than the Optimal Rotation Period in US Production Forestry Regions." Invited Presentation at the Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA). Helsinki, Finland. (2006). Sohngen, B. "Approaches to Modeling Economics of Climate Change in Forestry and Agriculture." Invited Presentation at the University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Resources. Helsinki, Finland (2006). Sohngen, B. "A Global Perspective on the Economics of Sequestering Carbon in Forests." Keynote Address at a workshop titled Forest Ecosystem Carbon and its Economic Implications. Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA). Helsinki, Finland. (2006). Sohngen, B. "Cost and Potential for Generating Carbon Credits from Reduced Deforestation" Invited Presentation at the conference Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries: A workshop to discuss methodological and policy issues. Bad Blumau, Austria (2006). Sohngen, B. and M. Taylor. " Developing Contracts For Pollution Trading: Performance Considerations for PS-NPS" Plenary Presentation at Conference: Innovations in Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution. (2006). Sohngen, B, S. Choi, T. Hertel, A. Golub, M. Tavoni. "Global Forestry and Agricultural Model." Energy Modeling Forum. Tsukuba, Japan. (2006). Sohngen, B. and R. Beach. 2007. " Avoided Deforestation as a Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Tool: Economic Issues for Consideration." Invited Presentation. Coalition for Rainforest Nations Workshop on Avoided Deforestation. Columbia University, New York, NY. (2007). Sohngen, B. M. Tavoni, and V. Bosetti. 2007. " The Potential Role of Forests and Wood in Meeting Carbon Stabilization Targets." Presentation at the conference Workshop on environmental performance of using wood. University of Washington, Seattle, WA. (2007). Sohngen, B. M. Tavoni, and V. Bosetti. 2007. " Forestry and the Carbon Market Response to Stabilize Climate." Presentation at the Department of Rural Economics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. (2007). Sohngen, B. and R. Beach. 2007. "Modeling Economic Opportunities for Avoided Deforestation Presentation at the Forestry and Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Modeling Forum. Sheperdstown, WV. (2007). .'I CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 12 of 20 Sohngen, B. 2007. " How Much Potential Afforestation, Forest Management, and Avoided Deforestation Is There? Where, When, and $$$." Invited presentation for USEPA. Washington, DC. (2007). Thompson, L.G. 2007. Climate Research Committee, The National Academies, Advisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine, Spring Meeting, May 16th-17th, Washington, D.C. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Glaciological Evidence of Abrupt Tropical Climate Change: Past, Present and Future, Fennilab, May 1 8th,Chicago, IL. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change from Ice," Annual Signature Event Keynote Speaker for The League of Women Voters, Toledo/Lucas County, May loth, Toledo, OH. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change," Policy Forum, Page, Hall, May 9th, Columbus, OH. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Calibration of Oxygen Isotopes in Tropical Ice Cores," Comer Science and Education Foundation Abrupt Climate Change Fellowship Conference, IBM Palisades Conference Center, May 2"d - 5h, New York, NY. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "From the Mountain Tops: Evidence for Climate Change in Tropical Glaciers," University Distinguished Lecture Series, Texas A&M University, May lSt, College Station, TX. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Glaciological Evidence of Abrupt Tropical Climate Change: Past and Present," School of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, April 29th,College Station, TX. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," College of Math & Physical Sciences Lecture Series, North Dakota State University, Fargo Theater, April 24th,Fargo, ND. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Understanding Climate Change from Ice," U.S. Coast Guard Academy, April 16h, New London, CT. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," The Foster Hewitt Lectures at Lehigh University, EES Dept., April 6Ih,Bethlehem, PA. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Invited Public Lecture at University of Arizona, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, March 23'", Tucson, AZ. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 13 of 20 Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Nott Memorial Invited Lecture at Union College, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Feb. 28Ih,2007, Schenectady, NY. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "The Adventure and Science of Glacier Research," Distinguished Explorer Award PresentationILecture, Beloit Memorial High School, and "Understanding Climate Change," Roy Chapman Andrews Society Distinguished Explorer Acceptance Lecture, Eaton Chapel, Feb. 22"d & 23'd respectively, Beloit, WI. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Abrupt Climate Change: Past, Present and Future," Keynote address for the Nevada Water Resources Annual Conference, Feb. 2 1'', Reno, NV. Thompson, L.G. 2007. "Communicating and Learning About Global Climate Change," An Event for Teachers, Students, and other Communicators and Learners, Climate Change Town Hall Presentation at American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting, February 18Ih, San Francisco, CA. Wiebe, K., R. Lal, C. Barrow and P. Crossen. Soil degradation and food security: incentives matter. 1 8thworld Cong. Soil Sci., Philadelphia, PA (2006). Williams, L. Stream biota and the management of riparian zones. Ohio Soil and Water Conference, Columbus, Ohio (2006). Williams, L., Goebel, P.C., Bouchard, V., Moore, R.H., Williams, M.G., McCartney, D., Stinner, D.H. Impacts of Landscape Scale Disturbances on Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystems in the Sugar Creek Watershed, Ohio. USDA CSREES National Water Quality Conference. San Antonio, Texas (2006). Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J.L., Witter, J.D., and Ward, A. The role of fish in headwater stream quality monitoring programs: local and landscape perspectives. Water Management Association of Ohio Conference, Columbus, Ohio (2006). Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J., Witter, J., Santiago, H., and Ward, A. Landscape perspectives on biological monitoring in headwater streams. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Placid, New York (2006). Williams, L.R., Williams, M.G., D'Ambrosio, J.L., Witter, J.D, Santiago, H., and Ward A. Impacts of landscape scale disturbances on headwater agricultural streams. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Conference, St. Louis, Missouri (2007). Faculty and Staff Honors and Awards Richard H. Moore, recipient of the OSU MagrathIKellogg Award for Engagement and Outreach CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 14 of 20 Lal, R, recipient of the Liebig 2006 Soil Science Award, International Union of Soil Science, Holland Lal, R. Presidential Lecture 2006. The Current Trends. Iceland Lal, R. President of Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Thompson, Lonnie. U.S. National Medal of Science, 2005 recipient, Awarded May, 2007. Thompson, Lonnie. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Einstein Lecturer 2007 Thompson, Lonnie. Elected, OSU Sphinx Chapter Senior Member 2007 Thompson, Lonnie. Roy Chapman Andrews Society, 2007 Distingziished Ekplorer Award Notable Student Accomplishments Graduate students Stephanie Lansing and David Lansing moved to EARTH University in Costa Rica in February 2007. Since that time they have established lab field sites and lab equipment to complete their research projects related to biodigesters and social aspects of carbon sequestration. Graduate student Sindhu Jagadamma has quantified the impact of N fertilization on soil C sequestration and published two journal article based on this research. Graduate student Adam Selhorst has measured the rate of C sequestration in turf and golf courses in Ohio, which comprises unique data. Graduate student Umakant Mishra has assessed soil C stock changes in landscapes of Indiana and Ohio using terrain characteristics and GIs techniques. Graduate student Anjali Dubey is evaluating C footprints of agriculture in Ohio, USA, and Punjab, India. Graduate student Daniel Ortega-Pachecl will work with the John Glenn School of Public Affairs, School of Environment and Natural Resources, and Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics to better understand the role and cost of institutional design in implementing carbon sequestration in Latin America. Graduate student Adam Daigneault assessed the implications of forest fire management and carbon sequestration options on optimal forest rotations. He has taken a job at the USEPA National Center for Environmental Economics. Graduate student Karl Meeusen has conducted a Monte Carlo simulation of the implications of biomass energy and carbons sequestration on forestry management. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 15 of 20 Outreach and Engagement Activities United Nations Development Program A carbon sequestration training program is being planned by the United Nations Development Program in Costa Rica. The program is expected to take place during the Fall of 2007 and will involve about 15 UNDP staff from around the world. The focus of the training course will be on trading credits for carbon sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., soils, forests, wetlands). A multi-disciplinary faculty of CWC including foresters, soil scientists, economists and social scientists will run the training course. Iceland President, 0 l a f i r Ragnar Grimsson Visit to OSU In cooperation with the Office of the President, Office of the Provost, and the Office of Research, CWC was honored to welcome 0 l a h r Ragnar Grimsson, President of the Republic of Iceland, to campus on April 2,2007. A key objective of his April 2nd visit and lecture was fulfilled when President Holbrook signed a Memorandum of Understanding intended to foster student exchange, visiting scientists, graduate student research, and a general coordination of activities related to land restoration and climate change between Ohio State and Iceland's three chief universities (the University of Iceland, the Agricultural University of Iceland, and Akureyri University. President Grimsson presented the first "University Distinguished International Lecture" entitled "The Challenges of Climate Change: Iceland, a Laboratory for Global Solutions" to a fill lecture hall at the Werner Center. The first product of this agreement has already been realized. Dr. Guanin Gisladottir, Professor, Department of Geography and Tourism and the Earth Science Institute at the University of Iceland is currently spending 6 weeks as a visiting scholar at Ohio State. She is being hosted by the Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, but is also interacting with faculty in the Byrd Polar Research Center and the Department of Geography, OSU. A second product of the Iceland agreement is an international symposium entitled "Soils, Society and Global Change" to be held from 1-5 September 2007 in Selfoss, Iceland. The theme of the symposium is land restoration and desertification control to mitigate climate change, improve the environment (e.g., water quality, biodiversity) and enhance ecosystem productivity. The symposium organizing committee includes representatives from the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; the United Nations University Tokyo, Japan; United Nations Development Program, New York, USA; and scientists from Israel, Holland, U.K., Australia, and The Ohio State University. The symposium will be attended by about 100 participants from around the world, including sub-Saharan Africa where the problems of soil erosion and degradation are most severe. Attendees from Ohio State may include (and are not limited to) Dr. R. McGrath, Dr. B. Moser, Dr. D.O. Hansen, Dr. J. Bigham, Dr. B. Lyons, Dr. E. Thompson, Dr. L. Thompson, Dr. W. Mitsch, Dr. A. Keeler, Dr. T. Koontz and Dr. R. Lal. An expected outcome of the symposium will be a "Reykjavik Declaration" highlighting the importance of sustainable land management to address pressing global issues of the 2 1 st century. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 16 of 20 North Central Regional Association (NCRA) of State Agriculture Experiment Station Directors Members of the FAES-CWC steering committee met with Dr. Arlen Leholm, Executive Director of NCRA in May to discuss possible advances in multi-state research and research priorities to be developed in cooperation with CWC. Climate Change Policy Dr. Andy Keeler, John Glenn School of Public Affairs, has given several lectures about climate change policy to disseminate objective information to the public. Venues have including WOSU's Open Line with Fred Anderle (2007), a "Step It Up" Statehouse Rally (2007), and the Byrd Polar Research Center's Public Outreach Series. Carbon Mana~ementand Sequestration Center The C-MASC has worked closely with USDOE Office of Science (Germantown, Washington, DC) and Office of Fossil Energy (Pittsburgh and Morgan Town, PA) to promote collaboration. Collaboration has also been developed with UNDP (New York) and the Convention on Desertification Control (CNC of United Nations) to link desertification control to C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. CWC seminars March 15, 2007 - Jialin Lin, NOAAIESRLICIRES - Boulder, CO. "Climate Diagnostics Center". Faculty candidate for CWCISBS - Geography March 27, 2007 - Youmin Tang, University of Northern British Columbia. "Climate Prediction and Predictability". April 23,2007 - Taotao Qian, NCAR, Boulder, CO. "Several Studies of Climate Change Using NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM3)". Staff candidate for a research position CWCISBS - Geography May 29, 2007 - Guanin Gisladdttir, University of Iceland. "Land Degradation in Iceland: Vegetation, soils, land use and climate change." Other Service Thompson, L.G. 2007. Chairman, Nevada Climate Change Panel, Nevada Water Resources Annual Conference, Feb. 2 I", Reno, NV. Curriculum Development A direct outcome of the student exchange relationship established by of the Memorandums of Understanding with the Icelandic institutions, is the development of a new CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 17 of 20 course, "Icelandic environmental issues, history, and culture" as part of the Environment and Natural Resources Scholars Program within the School of Environment and Natural Resources. This study abroad program, is scheduled to begin in June 2008 at The Agricultural University of Iceland and will give undergraduate students in the ENR Scholars Program an opportunity to attend lectures on Icelandic culture and history combined with field trips to cultural and natural resource where land preservation efforts will be studied and comparisons drawn between the United States and Iceland. The numerous environmental issues found throughout the Iceland provide an outdoor classroom for students to study and observe the threats of poor resource protection, the possibilities of environmental restoration, and the benefits of resource conservation. ENR students will be required to enroll in ENR 694 (2 hours) during Spring quarter, 2008. ENR 694 is designed to provide students with an academic introduction to Iceland and to the various environmental topics that will be explored first-hand while in-country. While in Iceland, students will enroll in ENR 697.03 (3 hours) and will receive credit upon successfLl completion of the program. A total of 5 OSU credit hours will be awarded. A group of 6 graduate students will be taken to Iceland in June, 2007, to field test the program, so improvements and changes can be implemented prior to June 2008. As a result of Dr. Andy Keeler's collaborations with other OSU TIE participants, he was able to update and improve his graduate class on climate policy. Three TIE faculty gave guest lectures, and the scientific perspective was much better integrated into the course. Awards Received Dates: 2007-2012 National Science Foundation. Linking watershed research and GK- 12 education within an ecosystem context. $2,958,177 (PIS - R. Moore, L. Williams, C. Hoy, V. Bouchard, C. Goebel, A. Rodewald, P. Griwell, and D. Stinner) 2006-2009 U.S.D.A Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Landscape scale disturbances in an agroecosystem: impacts on aquatic and riparian environments in the Sugar Creek Watershed, Ohio. $590,000 (PIS-L. Williams, R.H. Moore, V. Bouchard, C.P. Goebel, D. Stinner 2006-2009 Purdue University. Using social indicators to improve adoption of land management practices to protect water quality in three Midwestern watersheds. $116,146 (PI - J.E. Bonnell) 2006-2008 Ohio Coal Development Office. Enhancing the carbon pool in mined soils of Ohio. $249,972. (PI - R. Lal) 2006-2007 Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC. In field continuous, non-invasive soil carbon scanning system. $70,875. (PI - R. Lal) CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 18 of 20 2006-2008 National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges. On-farm water management for rain-fed agriculture on benchmark watersheds in five diverse eco-regions of India. $29,703. (PIS - R. La1 and D. Hansen) 2006-2008 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Wilma H . Schierrneier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park: Teaching, research, and outreach initiative. $480,300. (PIS - W.J. Mitsch, R.P. Dick, and J.F. Martin) 2006-2008 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Understanding ecological processes in channelized headwater systems is a key to ecosystem protection while maintaining crop production. $95,971. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams) 2006-2007 Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Olentangy River watershed implementation project. $24,500. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams) 2006-2008 U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Aquatic ecological monitoring in the Wayne National Forest, Ohio. $28,000. (PIS - A.D. Ward and L. Williams) 2006-2007 Ohio Department of Natural Resources. A watershed approach to evaluating enhancement and restoration in Ohio's focus watersheds. $58,689. (PI - L. Williams) Proposals submitted National Science Foundation. Gases for the Masses: Developing Low-Tech Variable Temperature Anaerobic Digesters for Temperate Climates. $338,000 (PI-J. Martin and A. Altor) Submitted February 2007. NSF-Major Research Instrumentation proposal submitted January 25,2007. In review. "MRI: Acquisition of Equipment to Advance Our Understanding of Past and Contemporary Earth System Changes Emphasizing Climate, Water and Carbon Linkages." PI: Ellen MosleyThompson, CO PIS: Anne Carey, Leonid Polyak, W. Berry Lyons and Lonnie Thompson. Amount requested: $1,356,706.00. Graduate and Undergraduate Research Opportunities The City of Columbus will likely support removal of the 5thAve. Dam on the Olentangy River. If so, the Olentangy River Dam Removal Project will provide an outstanding, campuswide undergraduate research opportunity. FAES will provide CWC support to facilitate undergraduate research on water quality through this effort. Utilizing CWC resources Dr. Andy Keeler was able to recruit an experienced graduate student to work on a collaborative project with OSU TIE researchers from two other different CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 19 of 20 academic units to better understand the role and cost of institutional design in implementing carbon sequestration in Latin America. Leveraging Resources The CFAES has decided to leverage faculty resources obtained through the CWC-TIE by making these resources available to participating Schools/Departments/ Colleges on a competitive (matching) basis, especially where interdisciplinary collaborations are possible. The School of Environment and Natural Resources has provided matching funds to hire a new faculty member in Decision ScienceIRisk Analysis with the goal of addressing risk factors related to natural resource management as a result of global climate change. Hopefully, at least three more faculty positions can be defined through this process. Appendix A (Implementation Plan) follows this report. CWC-TIE Year 1 Report Page 20 of 20