Download Unit 1 Practice Test

AP Biology – Unit 1 Practice Test
1. The energy available for use by the cell is obtained from the life function of (a) reproduction (b) respiration (c) transport (d) synthesis
2. The chemical process by which complex molecules of protein are made from simple molecules is called (a) regulation (b) respiration (c) synthesis (d) excretion
3. Which term includes all of the chemical activities carried on by an organism? (a) regulation (b) metabolism (c) digestion (d) respiration
4. The term "semipermeable" is used in reference to the (a) nucleolus (b) cell wall (c) cytoplasm (d) cell membrane
5. The part of a cell that is in most direct contact with the environment is the (a) nucleus (b) cell membrane (c) mitochondrion (d) centrioles
6. Plant cell organelles that contain photosynthetic pigments are (a) chloroplasts (b) centrioles (c) chromosomes (d) cell walls
7. A student could tell the difference between onion skin cells and cheek cells because the onion skin cells have a (a) cell membrane (b) nucleus (c) centriole (d) cell wall
8. The sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm are the (a) ribosomes (b) lysosomes (c) nuclei (d) centrioles
9. The watery environment in which most life activities of a cell take place is the (a) cell membrane (b) chloroplast (c) cytoplasm (d) vacuole
10. Intracellular transport of materials is most closely associated with which cell organelle? (a) cell membrane (b) cell wall (c) ribosome (d) endoplasmic reticulum
11. Which organelle contains hereditary material and controls most cell activities? (a) nucleus (b) cell membrane (c) vacuole (d) endoplasmic reticulum
12. The cell organelles that are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells are (a) mitochondria (b) centrioles (c) chloroplasts (d) nuclei
13. An increase in the concentration of ATP in a muscle cell is a direct result of which life function? (a) respiration (b) reproduction (c) digestion (d) excretion
14. While studying the cell with the electron microscope, a scientist notes the following: numerous ribosomes, a well­developed endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which of the following could be the source of this cell? a) a fungus b)an animal c)a bacterium d)a plant e)a virus
15. Which parts of cellular respiration are aerobic?
a) Glycolysis
b) Glycolysis and Krebs
c) Krebs and ETC
d) ETC only
16. Electron transport molecules charged for use in the ETC are called
a) NADH
b) FADH2
c) ATP
d) Both NADH and FADH2
17. Most of the ATP produced in respiration comes from:
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs
c) ETC
18. Where does glycolysis take place?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Rough ER
d) Mitochondria
19. Acetyl CoA is an important 2­carbon molecule used in what part of respiration?
a) Glycolysis only
b) Krebs only
c) Krebs and ETC
d) ETC only
20. Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light­independent) cycle?
(A) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH.
(B) They both require a net input of ATP.
(C) They both result in a release of oxygen.
(D) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix.
(E) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.
21. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
(A) the release of a water molecule
(B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule
(C) the addition of a nitrogen atom
(D) the addition of a water molecule
(E) an increase in activation energy
22. When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes, the result is
(A) damage to the mitotochondrion
(B) the reduction of NAD
(C) the restoration of the Na­K balance across the membrane
(D) the creation of a proton gradient
(E) the lowering of pH in the mictochondrial matrx
23. The function of water in photosynthesis is to
(A) combine With C02
(B) absorb light energy
(C) supply electrons in the light­dependent reactions
(D) transport H, ions in the light­independent (dark) reactions
(E) Provide 02 for the light­independent (dark) reactions
24. What is the principal inorganic solvent in cells? (a) salt (b) water (c) alcohol (d) carbon dioxide
25. Fats that are stored in human tissue contain molecules of (a) glycerol and fatty acids (b) amino acids (c) monosaccharides and disaccharides (d) nucleotides
26. One of the carbon compounds found in a cell has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound most likely belongs to the group of substances known as (a) nucleic acids (b) lipids (c) proteins (d) carbohydrates
27. Which formula represents an organic compound? (a) NH3 (b) H20 (c) NaCl (d) C12H22011
28. When two molecules are joined together chemically, a molecule of water is released. This process is known as (a) dehydration synthesis (b) hydrolysis (c) absorption (d) transpiration pull
29. Starch is classified as a (a) disaccharide (b) polypeptide (c) nucleotide (d) polysaccharide
30. What two molecules are produced when two glucose molecules are chemically bonded together? (a) a lipid and an enzyme (b) a polypeptide and oxygen (c) a polysaccharide and carbon dioxide (d) a disaccharide and water
31. Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it? (a) maltose­ amino acid (b) starch­glucose (c) protein­fatty acid (d) lipid­sucrose
32. A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons is referred to as (a) covalent (b) acidic (c) ionic (d) double
33. A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is referred to as (a) covalent (b) acidic (c) ionic (d) double
34. Which of the following is characteristic of an enzyme?
(a) It is an inorganic catalyst.
(b) It is destroyed after each chemical reaction.
(c) It provides energy for any chemical reaction
(d) It regulates the rate of a specific chemical reaction.
35. The "lock­and­key" model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule
(a) forms a permanent enzyme­substrate complex
(b) may be destroyed and resynthesized several times
(c) interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule
(d) reacts at identical rates under all conditions
36. An enzyme­substrate complex may result from the interaction of molecules of (a) glucose and lipase (b) fat and amylase (c) sucrose and maltase (d) protein and protease
37. The part of the enzyme molecule into which the substrate fits is called the (a) active site (b) coenzyme (c) polypeptide (d) protease
38. A non­protein molecule necessary for the functioning of a certain enzyme is called a (a) catalyst (b) polypeptide (c) coenzyme (d) substrate
39. Which of the following variables has the least direct effect on the rate of an enzyme­
regulated reaction? (a) temperature (b) pH (c) carbon dioxide concentration (d) enzyme concentration
40. The conversion of light energy into chemical bond energy occurs within the cells of (a) molds (b) yeasts (c) algae (d) grasshoppers
41. Glucose molecules may be stored in plants in the form of (a) oxygen (b) starch (c) nucleic acids (d) amino acids
42. Knowing that red glass transmits mainly red light, green glass mainly green light, yellow glass mainly yellow light, and orange glass mainly orange light, a student set up an experiment to determine the effect of light color on glucose production. She selected jars of each of the above colors and grew a bean plant in each jar under controlled conditions in the presence of natural light. The greatest amount of glucose would most likely be produced by the bean plant growing in the jar whose color was
(a) red (b) yellow (c) green (d) orange
43. Which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
carbon dioxide + water <­­> glucose + oxygen + water
glucose <­­> alcohol + carbon dioxide
maltose + water <­­> glucose + glucose
glucose + oxygen <­­> carbon dioxide + water
44. Bromthymol blue turns to bromthymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed in separate test tubes, each containing water and bromthymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed to the light turned blue. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants
(a) take in carbon dioxide (b) need bromthymol blue (c) give off oxygen gas (d) form ATP molecules
45. A functional difference between animals and green plants is that green plants are able to
(a) synthesize glucose (b) break down carbohydrates (c) carry on aerobic respiration (d) form ATP molecules
46. Which form of energy is absorbed by green plants during the light­dependent portion of photosynthesis? (a) heat energy (b) light energy (c) nuclear energy (d) chemical energy
47. The oxygen present in the water molecule in light­dependent portion of photosynthesis is
(a) released as molecular oxygen (b) released as chemical energy (c) incorporated into G3P (d) incorporated into glucose
48. A three­carbon sugar formed during light­independent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P
49. The reaction in the light­dependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall
50. Which statement correctly describes part of the photosynthetic process in plants?
(a) Oxygen is used in the dark reactions. (b) Carbon dioxide is released in the dark reactions. (c) Water is split in the light reactions. (d) Alcohol is produced by the light reactions.
51. During photosynthesis, molecules of oxygen are liberated from the "splitting" of water molecules due to the (a) dark reactions (b) light reactions (c) formation of G3P (d) formation of C02 52. Which occurs as a result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes?
(a) Inorganic substances are converted directly to organic substances.
(b) Complex organic molecules are broken into their component parts.
(c) Glucose molecules are converted to starches.
(d) Glucose molecules are converted to maltase molecules.
53. Which is an example of enzyme­controlled intracellular digestion?
(a) An ameba digests a microorganism within its food vacuole.
(b) A human digests food mechanically within its stomach.
(c) A grasshopper digests a piece of grass within its intestine.
(d) An earthworm grinds food within its gizzard.
54. What are the end products of carbohydrate hydrolysis? (a) amino acids (b) simple sugars (c) hydrogen ions (d) fatty acids
55. Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? A) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia B) centrioles only C) both flagella and motile cilia D) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia E) both centrioles and basal bodies
56. Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? A) It is a static structure. B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. C) It has too many vesicles. D) It is not involved in protein synthesis. E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.
52 – 53 NaHCO3 (baking soda) dissociates in water to form a basic solution (0.1 M solution has a pH of approximately 8.3).
57. How does the solution formed accept H+ ions in a buffering capacity?
a) H+ + HCO3­ → H2CO3
b) H+ + CO32­ → HCO3­
c) H+ + NaCO3­ → NaHCO3
d) Both A and B
58. The bicarbonate buffer system is particularly strong because…
a) Sodium (Na) readily donates an electron
b) The common ion effect
c) Bicarbonate is diprotic
d) Bicarbonate dissociates to form an acid and a conjugate base
Free Response:
You go to the store to buy some lard for cooking. You notice when you get home that the lard is solid a room temperature.
In three or four sentences explain what this tells you about the structure of fat and why it is solid at room temperature.
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