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AP Biology – Unit 1 Practice Test 1. The energy available for use by the cell is obtained from the life function of (a) reproduction (b) respiration (c) transport (d) synthesis 2. The chemical process by which complex molecules of protein are made from simple molecules is called (a) regulation (b) respiration (c) synthesis (d) excretion 3. Which term includes all of the chemical activities carried on by an organism? (a) regulation (b) metabolism (c) digestion (d) respiration 4. The term "semipermeable" is used in reference to the (a) nucleolus (b) cell wall (c) cytoplasm (d) cell membrane 5. The part of a cell that is in most direct contact with the environment is the (a) nucleus (b) cell membrane (c) mitochondrion (d) centrioles 6. Plant cell organelles that contain photosynthetic pigments are (a) chloroplasts (b) centrioles (c) chromosomes (d) cell walls 7. A student could tell the difference between onion skin cells and cheek cells because the onion skin cells have a (a) cell membrane (b) nucleus (c) centriole (d) cell wall 8. The sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm are the (a) ribosomes (b) lysosomes (c) nuclei (d) centrioles 9. The watery environment in which most life activities of a cell take place is the (a) cell membrane (b) chloroplast (c) cytoplasm (d) vacuole 10. Intracellular transport of materials is most closely associated with which cell organelle? (a) cell membrane (b) cell wall (c) ribosome (d) endoplasmic reticulum 11. Which organelle contains hereditary material and controls most cell activities? (a) nucleus (b) cell membrane (c) vacuole (d) endoplasmic reticulum 12. The cell organelles that are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells are (a) mitochondria (b) centrioles (c) chloroplasts (d) nuclei 13. An increase in the concentration of ATP in a muscle cell is a direct result of which life function? (a) respiration (b) reproduction (c) digestion (d) excretion 14. While studying the cell with the electron microscope, a scientist notes the following: numerous ribosomes, a welldeveloped endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which of the following could be the source of this cell? a) a fungus b)an animal c)a bacterium d)a plant e)a virus 15. Which parts of cellular respiration are aerobic? a) Glycolysis b) Glycolysis and Krebs c) Krebs and ETC d) ETC only 16. Electron transport molecules charged for use in the ETC are called a) NADH b) FADH2 c) ATP d) Both NADH and FADH2 17. Most of the ATP produced in respiration comes from: a) Glycolysis b) Krebs c) ETC 18. Where does glycolysis take place? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleus c) Rough ER d) Mitochondria 19. Acetyl CoA is an important 2carbon molecule used in what part of respiration? a) Glycolysis only b) Krebs only c) Krebs and ETC d) ETC only 20. Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (lightindependent) cycle? (A) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH. (B) They both require a net input of ATP. (C) They both result in a release of oxygen. (D) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix. (E) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix. 21. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires (A) the release of a water molecule (B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule (C) the addition of a nitrogen atom (D) the addition of a water molecule (E) an increase in activation energy 22. When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes, the result is (A) damage to the mitotochondrion (B) the reduction of NAD (C) the restoration of the NaK balance across the membrane (D) the creation of a proton gradient (E) the lowering of pH in the mictochondrial matrx 23. The function of water in photosynthesis is to (A) combine With C02 (B) absorb light energy (C) supply electrons in the lightdependent reactions (D) transport H, ions in the lightindependent (dark) reactions (E) Provide 02 for the lightindependent (dark) reactions 24. What is the principal inorganic solvent in cells? (a) salt (b) water (c) alcohol (d) carbon dioxide 25. Fats that are stored in human tissue contain molecules of (a) glycerol and fatty acids (b) amino acids (c) monosaccharides and disaccharides (d) nucleotides 26. One of the carbon compounds found in a cell has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound most likely belongs to the group of substances known as (a) nucleic acids (b) lipids (c) proteins (d) carbohydrates 27. Which formula represents an organic compound? (a) NH3 (b) H20 (c) NaCl (d) C12H22011 28. When two molecules are joined together chemically, a molecule of water is released. This process is known as (a) dehydration synthesis (b) hydrolysis (c) absorption (d) transpiration pull 29. Starch is classified as a (a) disaccharide (b) polypeptide (c) nucleotide (d) polysaccharide 30. What two molecules are produced when two glucose molecules are chemically bonded together? (a) a lipid and an enzyme (b) a polypeptide and oxygen (c) a polysaccharide and carbon dioxide (d) a disaccharide and water 31. Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it? (a) maltose amino acid (b) starchglucose (c) proteinfatty acid (d) lipidsucrose 32. A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons is referred to as (a) covalent (b) acidic (c) ionic (d) double 33. A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is referred to as (a) covalent (b) acidic (c) ionic (d) double 34. Which of the following is characteristic of an enzyme? (a) It is an inorganic catalyst. (b) It is destroyed after each chemical reaction. (c) It provides energy for any chemical reaction (d) It regulates the rate of a specific chemical reaction. 35. The "lockandkey" model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule (a) forms a permanent enzymesubstrate complex (b) may be destroyed and resynthesized several times (c) interacts with a specific type of substrate molecule (d) reacts at identical rates under all conditions 36. An enzymesubstrate complex may result from the interaction of molecules of (a) glucose and lipase (b) fat and amylase (c) sucrose and maltase (d) protein and protease 37. The part of the enzyme molecule into which the substrate fits is called the (a) active site (b) coenzyme (c) polypeptide (d) protease 38. A nonprotein molecule necessary for the functioning of a certain enzyme is called a (a) catalyst (b) polypeptide (c) coenzyme (d) substrate 39. Which of the following variables has the least direct effect on the rate of an enzyme regulated reaction? (a) temperature (b) pH (c) carbon dioxide concentration (d) enzyme concentration 40. The conversion of light energy into chemical bond energy occurs within the cells of (a) molds (b) yeasts (c) algae (d) grasshoppers 41. Glucose molecules may be stored in plants in the form of (a) oxygen (b) starch (c) nucleic acids (d) amino acids 42. Knowing that red glass transmits mainly red light, green glass mainly green light, yellow glass mainly yellow light, and orange glass mainly orange light, a student set up an experiment to determine the effect of light color on glucose production. She selected jars of each of the above colors and grew a bean plant in each jar under controlled conditions in the presence of natural light. The greatest amount of glucose would most likely be produced by the bean plant growing in the jar whose color was (a) red (b) yellow (c) green (d) orange 43. Which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis? (a) (b) (c) (d) carbon dioxide + water <> glucose + oxygen + water glucose <> alcohol + carbon dioxide maltose + water <> glucose + glucose glucose + oxygen <> carbon dioxide + water 44. Bromthymol blue turns to bromthymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed in separate test tubes, each containing water and bromthymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed to the light turned blue. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants (a) take in carbon dioxide (b) need bromthymol blue (c) give off oxygen gas (d) form ATP molecules 45. A functional difference between animals and green plants is that green plants are able to (a) synthesize glucose (b) break down carbohydrates (c) carry on aerobic respiration (d) form ATP molecules 46. Which form of energy is absorbed by green plants during the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis? (a) heat energy (b) light energy (c) nuclear energy (d) chemical energy 47. The oxygen present in the water molecule in lightdependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) released as molecular oxygen (b) released as chemical energy (c) incorporated into G3P (d) incorporated into glucose 48. A threecarbon sugar formed during lightindependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P 49. The reaction in the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall 50. Which statement correctly describes part of the photosynthetic process in plants? (a) Oxygen is used in the dark reactions. (b) Carbon dioxide is released in the dark reactions. (c) Water is split in the light reactions. (d) Alcohol is produced by the light reactions. 51. During photosynthesis, molecules of oxygen are liberated from the "splitting" of water molecules due to the (a) dark reactions (b) light reactions (c) formation of G3P (d) formation of C02 52. Which occurs as a result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes? (a) Inorganic substances are converted directly to organic substances. (b) Complex organic molecules are broken into their component parts. (c) Glucose molecules are converted to starches. (d) Glucose molecules are converted to maltase molecules. 53. Which is an example of enzymecontrolled intracellular digestion? (a) An ameba digests a microorganism within its food vacuole. (b) A human digests food mechanically within its stomach. (c) A grasshopper digests a piece of grass within its intestine. (d) An earthworm grinds food within its gizzard. 54. What are the end products of carbohydrate hydrolysis? (a) amino acids (b) simple sugars (c) hydrogen ions (d) fatty acids 55. Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? A) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia B) centrioles only C) both flagella and motile cilia D) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia E) both centrioles and basal bodies 56. Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? A) It is a static structure. B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. C) It has too many vesicles. D) It is not involved in protein synthesis. E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. 52 – 53 NaHCO3 (baking soda) dissociates in water to form a basic solution (0.1 M solution has a pH of approximately 8.3). 57. How does the solution formed accept H+ ions in a buffering capacity? a) H+ + HCO3 → H2CO3 b) H+ + CO32 → HCO3 c) H+ + NaCO3 → NaHCO3 d) Both A and B 58. The bicarbonate buffer system is particularly strong because… a) Sodium (Na) readily donates an electron b) The common ion effect c) Bicarbonate is diprotic d) Bicarbonate dissociates to form an acid and a conjugate base Free Response: You go to the store to buy some lard for cooking. You notice when you get home that the lard is solid a room temperature. In three or four sentences explain what this tells you about the structure of fat and why it is solid at room temperature. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________