Download BLOOD and BONE MARROW

BLOOD AND BONE MARROW
Patrick McCormick ([email protected])
Anastasia Spencer ([email protected])
November 30, 2005
PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEARS:
1) in a healthy person, only contains mature cells
2) cell types:
a) erythrocytes (RBCs)
i) largest proportion of cells in the blood
ii) biconcave discs (7-8 μm)
iii) NO nucleus, NO cellular organelles
iv) contains hemoglobin (carries O2 and CO2)
b) leukocytes (WBCs)
i) all contain azurophilic granules!
ii) granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
iii) agranulocytes: lymphocytes (T/B/plasma cells), monocytes
c) platelets
i) come from megakaryocytes
BONE MARROW SMEARS:
1) Primary site of formation for RBCs, granulocytes, monocytes, platelets
2) Erythroid series Æ maturation of RBCs
3) Granulocytic (Myeloid) series Æ maturation of granulocytes
4) Megakaryocytes
a) HUGE compared to other cells
b) Contain multi-lobed nucleus (as opposed to osteoclasts which are multinucleated)
c) Platelets are formed by invaginations of the plasma membrane that fuse to form clefts that
eventually break off (Be sure to look at the EM!!)
Mature Leukocytes (Abbreviated & supplemented version of Table 10-3 from lab manual)
Granulocytes
Features Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
WBC % 6c0-70%
2-4%
<1%
Visual
pink granules in cytoplasm, red granules in cytoplasm,
blue granules in
nucleus has 3-4 lobes
2-lobed nucleus
cytoplasm,
S-shaped nucleus
Specific • type IV collagenase
• Arg-rich major basic
• histamine
(2°)
protein
• lactoferrin
• heparin sulfate
Granule • lysozyme
• histaminase
• slow reacting substance
Contents
•
glucoronidase
• phagocytin
• peroxidase
• acid phosphatase
• alk phosphatase
• eosinophil cationic protein
• neurotoxin
• ribonuclease
• peroxidase
Surface
Markers
Lifecycle
Function
• Fc receptors
• PAF receptor
• Leukotriene B receptor
• LCAM-1
< 1 week
• IDE receptors
• ECF receptor
• IgE receptors
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
20-25%
3-8%
small (same size as large, pale
RBCs), little visible cytoplasm, kidney
cytoplasm
nucleus
NO specific
NO specific
granules!
granules!
T cells: TCRs, CDs,
IL receptors
• MHC Class II
• Fc receptors
B cells: surface Ig
< 2 weeks
• Phagocytosis of bacteria • Allergic reactions
• Azurophilic (1°) granules • Parasite destruction
are "lysosomes of PMNs", • Immune complex
occur in all leukocytes
phagocytosis
1-2 years (mice)
months to years
When binds IgE, releases
vasoactive contents of
granules (just like a mast
cell)
• T cells: CMI (for
viral infections)
• B cells: humoral
Cannot distinguish
T versus B
histologically!
• days in blood
• months in CT
• Diffs to
macrophage or
osteoclast
• Phagocytosis
• Antigen
presentation
ERYTHROID SERIES
GRANULOCYTE SERIES
1) PROERYTHROBLAST
1) MYELOBLAST
a) relatively large cell 12-15 μm in diameter
a) 15-20 μm
b) large, central nucleus with 1 or 2 nucleoli
b) large, euchromatic, spherical nucleus
c) cytoplasm: moderately basophilic (blue) due
(>3 nucleoli)
c) basophilic cytoplasm with no granules
to ribosomes
d) look for an unstained region of cytoplasm
d) prominent nucleoli
e) can be seen in peripheral blood with certain
(Golgi ghost)
leukemias
2) BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
a) smaller than proerythroblast
2) PROMYELOCYTE
b) checkerboard nucleus (heterochromatic and
a) 18-24 μm
smaller)
b) Large nucleus
c) intense basophilia (blue) due to lots of free
c) Golgi ghost
ribosomes
d) azurophilic granules (purple)
e) CANNOT tell what it will become (N, E, B)
3) POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
a) smaller than basophilic erythroblast
3) MYELOCYTE (Neutrophilic, Eosinophilic, or Baso)
b) smaller intensely heterochromatic nucleus
a) smaller
c) purple/lilac cytoplasm due to combo of
b) eccentric, spherical nucleus
basophilia from ribosomes and eosinophilia
c) granules specific to N,E,B appear
from increasing amount of hemoglobin
d) LAST MITOSIS
d) LAST MITOTIC STAGE
4) METAMYELOCYTE
4) NORMOBLAST
a) indented, heart-shaped nucleus
a) smaller than polychromatophilic erythroblast
b) many cell-specific granules
b) small, compact, intensely staining nucleus;
getting ready to extrude the nucleus
5) BAND CELL
c) eosinophilic cytoplasm (abundant
a) immature neutrophil
hemoglobin)
b) U-shaped nucleus just prior to segmentation
c) increased # seen with acute infections (a
5) RETICULOCYTE
left shift)
a) immature erythrocyte that still retains some
basophilia due to the presence of RNA
6) MATURE GRANULOCYTE
b) only seen with a special (supravital) stain on
a) Neutrophil, Eosinophil, or Basophil
the peripheral smear
b) Segmented nucleus
c) increased # seen with anemia
6) ERYTHROCYTE
a) smallest (7-8 μm)
b) NO NUCLEUS
c) Acidophilic (pink)
TRENDS
Immature Æ Mature
Basophilic Æ Eosinophilic
Large euchromatic nuclei Æ heterochromatic Æ
pyknotic Æ no nucleus
TRENDS
Immature Æ Mature
Large cell Æ Small cell
No granules Æ Azurophilic (non-specific) granules
Æ Cell-specific granules
Round nucleus Æ indented nucleus Æ U-shaped Æ
multilobed (specific for cell type)