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Blood and Bone Marrow Peripheral Blood: Erythrocytes • RBCs constitute the largest number of cells in the blood • Biconcave discs • NO NUCLEUS • Contain Hemoglobin Peripheral Blood: Platelets • Derived from Megakaryocytes in bone marrow – formed from small bits of Megakaryocyte cytoplasm • Function in blood clotting Peripheral Blood: Leukocytes • GRANULOCYTES – Neutrophils – Basophils – Eosinophils • AGRANULOCYTES – Lymphocytes (T and B cells) – Monocytes (Macrophages) Peripheral Blood: Leukocytes • GRANULOCYTES – Neutrophils – Basophils – Eosinophils Granulocytes: Neutrophils • Most numerous WBC in blood • Multilobed nucleus • Granules: – Specific granules – Azurophilic granules • Function – 1st wave of cells in acute inflammation; can phagocytose bacteria Granulocytes: Basophils • Rare! • Lobulated nucleus often obscured by granules • Dark Blue Granules – Hydrolytic enzymes, heparin sulfate, histamine, SRS • Function – Role in hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis Granulocytes: Eosinophils • Bilobed nucleus • Bright pink Granules – Arginine rich major basic protein, peroxidase, histaminase, arylsulfatase • Function: – Important in allergic rxns, parasitic infections, and phagocytosis of Ab-Ag complexes Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes • About size of RBCs • Function – Main functional cells of adaptive immune system – T cells – B cells Agranulocytes: Monocytes • Largest WBCs in blood smear • Migrate through blood to the tissues; once in tissues they differentiate into phagocytes (macrophages) Erythrocyte Development Watch for trends! Proerythroblast • Biggest in lineage • Large central nucleus with one or two nucleoli • Basophilic cytoplasm b/c ribosomes • Look for Golgi ghost Basophilic Erythroblast • Smaller than proerythroblast • Checkerboard nucleus (heterochromatic) • Intense basophilia (lots of ribosomes!) Proerythroblast vs Basophilic Erythroblast Polychromatophilic Erythroblast • Smaller than basophilic erythroblast • Smaller intensely heterochromatic nucleus • Purple/lilac cytoplasm mix of basophilia from ribosomes and growing eosinophilia from hemoglobin • LAST MITOTIC STAGE! Normoblast • Smaller than polychromatophilic erythroblast • Small, compact, intensely staining nucleus that is getting ready to be extruded • Eosinophilic cytoplasm due to abundant hemoglobin Erythrocyte • Smallest • Eosinophilic due to hemoglobin • NO NUCLEUS!
