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Neurotransmitters are the chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. They
and their close relatives are produced by glands such as the pituitary and the adrenal glands.
Amino acids involved as neurotransmitters
Inhibitory neurotransmitter= mood regulation, sleep, appetite control, and calmness, responsible for calming the mind and
body, inducing sleep
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Tryptophan=Serotonin=Melatonin
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Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has been found to be intimately involved
in emotion and mood. Too little serotonin has been shown to lead to depression, problems
with anger control, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicide. Too little also leads to an
increased appetite for carbohydrates (starchy foods) and trouble sleeping, which are also
associated with depression and other emotional disorders. It has also been tied to
migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia
Glutamine=L-Glutamate=GABA
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GABA acts like a brake to the excitatory neurotransmitters that lead to anxiety. People with
too little GABA tend to suffer from anxiety disorders
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GABA is lacking in certain parts of the brain, epilepsy results.
Glycine, Taurine
Excitatory Neurotransmitters= Learning, memory, mental clarity, focus, concentration, energy, and motivation. Norepinephrine
is strongly associated with bringing our nervous systems into "high alert." It is prevalent in the sympathetic nervous system, and it
increases our heart rate and our blood pressure. Our adrenal glands release it into the blood stream, along with its close relative
epinephrine (aka adrenalin).
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Tyrosine=L-Dopa=Dopamine=Norepinephrine=Epinephrine
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Dopamine is strongly associated with reward mechanisms in the brain. Drugs like cocaine,
opium, heroin, and alcohol increase the levels of dopamine, as does nicotine.
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schizophrenia has been shown to involve excessive amounts of dopamine
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too little dopamine in the motor areas of the brain are responsible for Parkinson's disease
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low dopamine = social anxiety
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Phenylalanine= makes PEA phenylethylamine
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Glutamate
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Glutamate is an excitatory relative of GABA. It is the most common neurotransmitter in the
central nervous system - as much as half of all neurons in the brain - and is especially important
in regards to memory
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ALS, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, results from excessive glutamate
production
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Histidine= Histamine
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Acetylcholine responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles, including the muscles of the gastrointestinal system. It is also found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, and has a part
in scheduling REM (dream) sleep. *90% loss of acetylcholine in the brains of people suffering from
Alzheimer's
Amino acids involved in brain activity or in process of making neurotransmitters
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Asparagine=decreases mood swings, Leucine=natural pain killer, Lysine=anxiolytic due to effects on
serotonin in GI tract, Methionine=precursor to SAMe, Proline=precursor to glutamic acid and GABA
Serine=involved in synthesis of tryptophan, Valine, Alanine, Glutathione, Isoleucine, Theanine
When the balance between the excitatory and inhibitory systems is lost, it creates a situation of a neurotransmitter-related
condition developing. A healthy nervous system is characterized by meeting two basic criteria. Number one, it must have sufficient
supplies of the necessary neurotransmitters (Amino acids). Secondly, the excitatory and inhibitory systems must work together so
that it delivers signals appropriately. Many neurotransmitter-related conditions are believed to be the result of insufficient
neurotransmitter supplies. Neurotransmitters define our moods, actions, and health. Organs throughout the body are connected
to the brain via a vast network of neurons. The brain uses neurotransmitters to tell the heart to beat, the lungs to breathe, and the
intestines to digest this is known as the autonomic nervous system. Some of the most significant clinical issues linked to
neurotransmitter imbalances are: anxiousness, appetite control, attention issues, developmental delays, behavioral problems,
low mood, fatigue, libido, women's issues, headaches, mood disorders, sleep disorders, weight issues, and many more.
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Alanine (NE)
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Blood sugar regulation
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Metabolism of glucose, tryptophan and B6
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Providing energy for your muscle tissue, brain, and central
nervous system. It helps with the breakdown of glucose
for energy and stabilizes glucose levels during exercise.
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used in the production of neurotransmitters
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Strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies
and stimulates lymphocyte production.
Asparagine (NE)
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Metabolic function of cells in nerve and brain tissue
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Equilibrium of nervous system-decreases mood swings.
Located close to the TCA cycle (place of energy
generation) together with aspartic acid.
Carnitine—
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Is necessary for heart muscle functioning, lowers
cholesterol and triglycerides
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removes waste from cells
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enhances energy, transports fat directly to cells for energy
which means less fat is stored in the body
Arginine (NE)
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Cell division, Wound healing
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Precursor to NO / It plays an important role in
expanding blood vessels to facilitate the blood flow.
(Nitric oxide, which is required to expand blood vessels,
is made from arginine.)
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T- lymphocyte proliferation/ enhance immunological
function plays an important role in cell division, the
healing of wounds, removing ammonia from the body,
immune function
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It is an amino acid that is useful in eliminating excessive
ammonia from the body.
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release of growth hormones considered necessary for
muscle growth and tissue repair, decreasing healing
time
Aspartic acid (NE)
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Increases stamina
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Aids in the removal of ammonia
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DNA and RNA metabolism
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enhances immunoglobulin production and antibodies
Cysteine (NE)
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Metal ion binding
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Builds up WBCs
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Carotene for hair and skin.
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acts as an antioxidant and protects against radiation
and pollution it will slow the ageing process, deactivate
free radicals, and neutralize toxins
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Cysteine is involved in the formation of one of the most
potent detoxifiers in the body, glutathione in the lungs,
liver, kidneys, and bone marrow
Citrulline
Creatine
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A precursor to arginine and is involved in the formation of
urea in the liver
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Citrulline supports the body in optimizing blood flow
through its conversion to l-arginine and then nitric oxide
(NO). Arginine is a contributing member of the various
amino acids found in the urea cycle, which is responsible
for detoxifying ammonia
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
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Found in almost every region of brain, and is formed
through the activity of the enzyme glutamic acid
decarboxylase (GAD)
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GABA serves as a inhibitory neurotransmitter to block the
transmission of an impulse from one cell to another in the
central nervous system is a non-essential amino acid
formed from glutamic acid with the help of vitamin B6
Glutamine (NE)
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Cellular energy
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Removes excess ammonia
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Strengthens the immune system.
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used as an energy source for the intestine and is an
indispensable component to maintain its normal function
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enhance liver function
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Glutamine in an amino acid that is a major precursor for
the neurotransmitter, GABA, or gamma amino butyric
acid, and is especially important when the body is
subjected to stressful situations. It has been stated that
Found in the skeletal tissue
It allows peak athletic performance and longer
endurance; an increase lean muscle mass, and lowers
lactate and ammonia levels
Glutamic acid (NE)
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Neurotransmitter, and is an active neurotransmitter
substance and is important for memory and learning.
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help to prevent seizures
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considered to be nature's "brain food" because it
improves mental capacities;
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Prostate health
Helps to prevent ammonia intoxication,
speed the healing of ulcers
relieves fatigue
helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia
decreases craving for sugar
Glutathione
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Found in the brain, kidneys, liver, and heart
It is an antioxidant it assists white blood cells in
protecting the lungs, helps treat asthma
Helps carbohydrate metabolism.
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when there is no GABA, there is no calm and no sleep
because the brain will not "turn off"
Glycine (NE)
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Inhibitory neurotransmitter Improves sleep quality
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It is used to produce glutathione and porphyrin
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is used for muscular tissue, DNA and RNA creation and
converting glucose into energy and helps trigger the
release of oxygen which is required for making new cells
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It prevents muscular degeneration by increasing levels of
Creatine
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It is also important for the digestive system
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It is important for the manufacturing of hormones
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responsible for a strong immune system component of
hemoglobin
Histidine (E)
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Hydroxyproline
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Derived from the amino acid proline and is used almost
exclusively in structural proteins including collagen,
connective tissue in mammals, and in plant cell walls
Leucine (E)
BCAA
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Regulates blood sugar/Stimulates insulin release
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Recovery from trauma/surg natural painkiller
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Leucine – helps to maintain energy and muscle health,
regulates blood sugar and plays a role in weight
maintenance
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is used in the liver, but primarily in the muscle and fat
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It is used in the bio-synthesis of sterols in the body and
has the ability to stimulate muscle growth and inhibit
muscular degradation
Methionine (E)
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Precursor to SAMe
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Antioxidant
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Prevents plaque formation
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Boosts immune health Detox
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an essential amino acid which is used to produce various
substances needed in the body – has important role in
liver and kidney function, supplies sulphur to your hair and
skin, helps to breakdown fats
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It helps lower cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's
production of Lecithin
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It reduces liver fat, protects the kidneys, and acts as a
natural chelating agent for heavy metals, regulates the
formation of ammonia and creates ammonia-free urine
which reduces bladder irritation
Enhances absorption of calcium
Vasodilatation Sexual arousal and behavior
Produces gastric enzymes
Histidine is used to form histamine a neurological
compound released during allergic responses
It is used for growth and for the repair of tissue, as well
as the preservation of the myelin sheaths that protect
nerve cells
Histidine is required for the fabrication of both red and
white blood cells and helps to protect the body from
damage caused by radiation and in heavy metals
detoxification.
Histidine is found abundantly in hemoglobin
It has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis, allergic diseases, ulcers & anemia
A deficiency of Histidine can cause poor hearing
Isoleucine (E)
BCAA
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Formation of hemoglobin
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Regulates blood sugar and energy levels
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necessary for hemoglobin formation
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Builds proteins and enzymes, stimulates the brain,
promotes muscle recovery after physical exercise
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used to make hemoglobin
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Leucine & Isoleucine provide ingredients for the
manufacturing of other essential biochemical
components in the body, some of which are utilized for
the production of energy, stimulants to the upper
brain, and promote alertness
Lysine (E)
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Helps decrease HSV outbreaks
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Anxiolytic due to effects on serotonin in GI tract
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Causes cancerous cells to destroy themselves
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Boosts immune health
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plays a role in calcium absorption, forming collagen
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the production of hormones and enzymes – is
important for proper growth
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an essential role in the production of Carnitine, a
nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into
energy and helping to lower cholesterol
Orthinine
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Assists in muscle growth and plays a crucial role in cell
growth and repair
L-ornithine is an important anti-aging amino acid that
promotes growth. It is also a precursor of arginine.
Arginine and ornithine are closely related. While
arginine is incorporated into body proteins, ornithine is
a tool used to make those proteins
The amino acid ornithine works together with arginine
and Carnitine to promote natural growth hormone
release from the pituitary gland
Ornithine metabolize excess body fat
It is required for a properly functioning immune system
and assists in ammonia detoxification. It is a central
part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of
excess nitrogen
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Phenylalanine (E)
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The body changes this into tyrosine, another amino acid
that is needed to make proteins, and neurotransmitters,
including L-dopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and
thyroid hormones
Phenylalanine is used by the brain to keep a person awake
and alert, reduces hunger pangs and functions as an
antidepressant and helps improve memory
Serine (NE)
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DNA/RNA production
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Used in synthesis of tryptophan
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Increases absorption of Creatine
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Serine is involved in the formation of immunoglobulin’s
and antibodies strengthening the body’s immune system
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Clotting factor
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It is used to produce phospholipids and glyceric acid
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A major role as a catalyst for many enzyme functions and
synthesizes the fatty-acid based sheaths around nerve
fibers
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Serine is a storage source of glucose by the liver and
muscles
Theanine
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Involved in the formation of the inhibitory
neurotransmitter, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA).
GABA influences the levels of two other
neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, producing a
relaxation effect
The predominant amino acid in green tea and makes up
50% of the total free amino acids in the plant
Tryptophan (E)
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Precursor to serotonin and niacin
Supports Intestinal health. The relaxing amino acid,
supports restful sleep, and helps to protect your body
from stress, anxiety and depression
Valine (E)
BCAA
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Metabolize carbohydrates
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Valine promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and
calm emotions
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Supports all round vitality, muscle coordination, maintains
healthy levels of nitrogen in the body
Proline (NE)
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Precursor to glutamic acid and GABA
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Component of collagen. It is the main component of
"collagen" which constitutes the skin and other
tissues
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It serves as a fast-acting energy source
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Tendon and joint health
Taurine
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Strengthens the heart muscle by increasing the force
and effectiveness of heart muscle contractions
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It stabilizes irregular heart rhythms. It is also known to
reduce cholesterol, triglycerides, and high blood
pressure
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Taurine as a Neurotransmitter As a powerful inhibitory
neurotransmitter, one of taurine's uses has been that
of an anti-convulsion. These anti-convulsion effects
come from its ability to stabilize nerve cell membranes,
which prevents the erratic firing of nerve cells.
Important in the control of epileptic seizures
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Taurine, along with sulfur, are necessary for the control
of many biochemical changes that take place in the
aging process and aid in the clearing of free radical
wastes
Threonine (E)
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Tooth enamel and collagen production
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It is an essential amino acid which is used to form
active sites of enzymes
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Threonine may be beneficial in the treatment of
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple
Sclerosis (MS).
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Threonine is an important constituent of collagen,
elastin, and enamel protein
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It helps prevent fat build-up in the liver, Glucosesparing effect, helps the digestive and intestinal tracts
function smoothly, and assists metabolism and
assimilation of nutrients. Immune support, Intestinal
health.
Tyrosine (NE)
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Precursor to catecholamines
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Production of T3 and T4
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Supports the function of the thyroid, adrenal, and
pituitary glands
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Is a factor in regulation endocrine hormonal function
and structurally is a component in most of the proteins
in the body.
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Tyrosine transmits nerve impulses to the brain. It
helps overcome depression, improves memory,
increases mental alertness
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Synthesis of melanin