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Download Neurotransmitters - Mayfield City Schools
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What is a neurotransmitter? What kind of chemicals are they? Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (ACh) ACh • Famous for neuromuscular junction • ACh released tells muscles to contract • Cool stuff: Botox inhibits release of ACh, paralysing muscles • Nerve gas blocks AChE Biogenic Amines - Catecholamines Biogenic Amines – Indolamines • Serotonin • modulate mood, emotion, sleep and appetite Dopamine • helps control the brain's reward and pleasure centers • helps regulate movement and emotional responses • Dopamine deficiency results in Parkinson's Disease Norepinephrine (NE ) Noradrenaline • Involved in attention and arousal in CNS • In PNS involved in fight or flight • As a neurotransmitter works to increase heart rate Purines – ATP and adenosine • Neurotransmitters too! • ATP – involved in pain sensation • Adenosine – inhibitory neurotransmitter (causes hyperpolarization… making depolarization more difficult) Amino Acid Neurotransmitters • GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) – presynaptic inhibition – Mess with GABA seizure • Glutamate – associated with learning – Associated with learning and memory Peptides – amino acid chains • substance P – pain mediator • Endorphins – natural pain killers… reduce perception of pain ~20 of them – Endo = inside – Oprh = morphine endorphin = Morphine like substance produced in body Opiate - anything that causes dullness or inaction or that soothes the feelings. • Dynorphin • Enkephalin
