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Download Notes on The Basics of Genetics Part 1
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The Basics of Genetics GREGOR MENDEL: Father of Genetics 1. Traits are passed or inherited from one generation to the next. 2. Traits of an organism are controlled by genes. A gene is a section of a chromosome, that codes for a specific trait. 3. Organisms inherit genes in pairs, one from each parent. *Human sex cells (sperm or egg) contain 23 chromosomes each. *When the egg is fertilized, the new baby will have 46 chromosomes in each of its cells, which is the correct number of chromosomes for a human. 4. Some genes are dominant, while others are recessive. *“Stronger” traits are called dominant. *“Weaker” traits are called recessive. Geneticists use symbols (letters) to represent the different forms of a gene. Dominant traits are represented by a capital letter. Yellow seeds are dominant…….. Y Recessive genes (for the same trait) are represented by THE SAME lower case letter. Green seeds are recessive………. y Dominant (yellow) = Y Recessive (green) = y *In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. The letter used to represent the tall gene is T. *The short gene is represented by t. 5. Dominant genes hide recessive genes when both are inherited by an organism. Y + y = yellow seeds (yellow is dominant) T + t = tall plant (tall is dominant) B+ b = brown eyes (brown is dominant) A PUREBRED organism has two of the same genes for a trait. TT = purebred TALL tt = purebred SHORT A HYBRID organism has two different genes for a trait. Tt = hybrid TALL (tall is dominant.)