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The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells The Hallmarks of Cancer Your immune system can usually find rule breaking cells -> Cancer cells are ninjas Cells acquire the ability to spread throughout the body Lack of immune rejection Apoptosis is programmed cell death, cells usually know when they become dangerous to the body Evading apoptosis Limitless replicative potential Cells can usually only divide a limited amount – cancer becomes nearly immortal Invasion and metastasis Sustained Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. Usually there is a limit in making new vessels. Insensitive to anti-growth signals Cell division is usually controlled by signals from surrounding cells Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J Normal breast cell V Cancerous breast cell G Q Y P R T P P N Q Y N #1 V N P J V V T N J J J OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC OV1 OV2 OV3 OV4 OV5 V V V V N WBC P R P P N Q Y N #2 T N J J J WBC Clues round 1 Your research has told you that targeting P has side effects on normal breast cells. (1) QY has to be on the cell membrane to respond to anti-growth signals. (1) The immune system can tell the difference between protein C in normal vs. Breast Cancer X. (1) Clues round 1 cont’d You have found that when you experimentally remove protein V, BCX can no longer recruit nutrients and oxygen. (1) IO hides deformed protein C from the immune system white blood cells. (1) You have found that too much protein P allows cells to replicate an unlimited amount. (1) ROUND 2 CLUES. J is a drug pump that gives BCX complete resistance to chemotherapy by pumping drugs out of the cell. (2) You discovered that OV4 oncolytic virus can highjack protein R to replicate. (2) You have produced an antibody against IO that allows the immune system to find protein C. (2) IO antibody: ROUND 2 CLUES CONT’D You found that if you block protein X with a drug, oncolytic viruses can no longer infect BCX. (2) You discovered excess levels of protein P effectively repairs DNA even if radiation is used. (2) You have found that the OV2 virus requires protein G to replicate and kill. (2) Conference clue An antibody, VXX1 was developed by a biotech company that can perfectly block protein V’s function. (conference clue) VXX1:
