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Transcript
Name Class Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds Key Concept Date (pages 44-48) • What are the functions of each group of organic compounds? The Chemistry of Carbon (page 44) 1. How many valence electrons does each carbon atom have? 2. What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length? Macromolecules (page 45) 3. Many of the molecules in living cells are so large that they are known as_______________. 4. What is the process called by which macromolecules are formed? 5. When monomers join together, what do they form? 6. What are four groups of organic compounds found in living things? a. b. c. d. Carbohydrates (pages 45-46) 7. What atoms make up carbohydrates? 8. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about carbohydrates. a. Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates. b. Living things use them as their main source of energy. c. The monomers in sugar polymers are starch molecules. d. Plants and some animals use them for strength and rigidity. 9. Single sugar molecules are also called 10. Circle the letter of each monosaccharide. a. galactose b. glucose c. glycogen d. fructose 11. What are polysaccharides? 12. How do plants and animals store excess sugar? Lipids (pages 46-47) 13. What kinds of atoms are lipids mostly made of? ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. What are three common categories of lipids? a. b. c. 15. Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called 16. Circle the letter of each way that fats are used in living things. a. As parts of biological membranes b. To store energy c. To give plants rigidity d. As chemical messengers 17. Complete the table about lipids. LIPIDS Kind of Lipid Description Each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond. Unsaturated A lipid’s fatty acids contain more than one double bond. Nucleic Acids (page 47) 18. Nucleic acids contain what kinds of atoms? 19. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as 20. A nucleotide consists of what three parts? 21. What is the function of nucleic acids in living things? 22. What are two kinds of nucleic acids? a. b. Proteins (pages 47-48) 23. Proteins contain what kinds of atoms? 24. Proteins are polymers of molecules called 25. What are four roles that proteins play in living things? a. b. c. d. Types of Molecules Living things need organic compounds called carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Fill in the missing cells in the table. Identify the function of the molecule or the main components (types of atoms) that make up the molecule. The first row has been done for you. Type of Molecule Components of Molecule Function of Molecule carbohydrate carbon, ______________, and oxygen main source of ______________; structural purposes lipid mostly _______________ and hydrogen nucleic acid hydrogen, ______________, nitrogen, carbon, and _______________ protein controls rate of reactions; transports substances into or out of cell; fights _______________ Use the table to answer the question. 1. Which of the types of molecules in the table contain carbon? Name Class Reviewing Key Concepts Identifying On the lines provided, identify each statement as describing carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, or proteins. 1. the main source of energy for living things 2. help carry out chemical reactions 3. important parts of biological membranes 4. contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon 5. transport substances in and out of cells 6. composed of amino acids 7. sugar and starches 8. store and transmit hereditary information Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences. 9. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and 10. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are carbohydrates called 11. The two basic kinds of nucleic acids are and 12. are polymers of amino acids. 13. A fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible is Reviewing Key Skills 14. Applying Concepts No other element can form the amount and variety of molecules that carbon can form. What characteristics does carbon have that explain this characteristic? 15. Comparing and Contrasting Plastics are synthetic, organic polymers. How are plastics similar to polysaccharides? How are they different? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 73 Date