Rate at which glutamine enters TCA cycle influences carbon atom
... would be expected to provide precursors for the synthesis of any compounds derived from TCA cycle intermediates. The major objective of these studies was to further evaluate whether or not the metabolic fate of glutamine carbon is influenced by changing the rate at which glutamine carbon enters the ...
... would be expected to provide precursors for the synthesis of any compounds derived from TCA cycle intermediates. The major objective of these studies was to further evaluate whether or not the metabolic fate of glutamine carbon is influenced by changing the rate at which glutamine carbon enters the ...
Glycine Cleavage Powers Photoheterotrophic Growth of
... springs (Hanada and Pierson, 2006). It has specialized light-harvesting antenna machines and performs a cyclic photosynthetic electron transport via a type II reaction center (Tang and Blankenship, 2013). Its photosystem does not generate NADPH directly, but can convert light energy into ATP via pho ...
... springs (Hanada and Pierson, 2006). It has specialized light-harvesting antenna machines and performs a cyclic photosynthetic electron transport via a type II reaction center (Tang and Blankenship, 2013). Its photosystem does not generate NADPH directly, but can convert light energy into ATP via pho ...
Document
... Radiocarbon dating was first explored by W.R. Libby (1946), who later won the Nobel Prize. Most published dates still use the “Libby” half-life of 5568y to enable comparison of 14C dates. ...
... Radiocarbon dating was first explored by W.R. Libby (1946), who later won the Nobel Prize. Most published dates still use the “Libby” half-life of 5568y to enable comparison of 14C dates. ...
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... films [4], and logic gates [4]. Particularly, semiconducting SWCNTs hold much potential for the design of field-effect transistors and sensors, owing to their controllable carrier mobility [4]. While both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs have broad application prospects, it is still a great challe ...
... films [4], and logic gates [4]. Particularly, semiconducting SWCNTs hold much potential for the design of field-effect transistors and sensors, owing to their controllable carrier mobility [4]. While both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs have broad application prospects, it is still a great challe ...
Enzyme Properties
... It’s tempting to think that hexoses are pyranoses and pentoses are furanoses; But that’s not always true The ring always contains an oxygen, so even a pentose can form a pyranose In solution: pyranose, furanose, openchain forms are all present Percentages depend on the sugar ...
... It’s tempting to think that hexoses are pyranoses and pentoses are furanoses; But that’s not always true The ring always contains an oxygen, so even a pentose can form a pyranose In solution: pyranose, furanose, openchain forms are all present Percentages depend on the sugar ...
Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
... supporting the higher growth rate, that the genes for enzymes required for the second substrate are induced. Several regulation mechanisms were described to trigger catabolic repression, like the phosphotransferase system (PTS), riboswitches, or regulators such as Crp/CyaA [26]. The metabolic profil ...
... supporting the higher growth rate, that the genes for enzymes required for the second substrate are induced. Several regulation mechanisms were described to trigger catabolic repression, like the phosphotransferase system (PTS), riboswitches, or regulators such as Crp/CyaA [26]. The metabolic profil ...
![[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002254284_1-9ecb94e9c5e6c14c57ae26d63989e9aa-300x300.png)
[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen
... and thus possibly confound analysis of liver metabolism. Ideally, any tracer should be infused directly into the hepatic portal vein and extracted quantitatively by the liver. Portal vein infusions are too invasive for human studies, however, and most hepatic tracers are not quantitatively extracted ...
... and thus possibly confound analysis of liver metabolism. Ideally, any tracer should be infused directly into the hepatic portal vein and extracted quantitatively by the liver. Portal vein infusions are too invasive for human studies, however, and most hepatic tracers are not quantitatively extracted ...
The acetyl-CoA pathway of autotrophic growth
... For the most part, following this initial synthesis, the other mechanisms of CO2 fixation, the synthesis of fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are similar to those used by organisms that require organic carbon for growth. Prior to the discovery of the acetyl-CoA pathway, there we ...
... For the most part, following this initial synthesis, the other mechanisms of CO2 fixation, the synthesis of fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are similar to those used by organisms that require organic carbon for growth. Prior to the discovery of the acetyl-CoA pathway, there we ...
The Utilization of Propionate by Micrococcus
... formed from [l-14C]propionatein the intact organisms, and indicated that propionate was utilized via its carboxylation. Incorporation of I4CO2by whole organisms A consequence of this inference would be that the pattern of isotope incorporation observed when sodium P4C]bicarbonate is added to Microco ...
... formed from [l-14C]propionatein the intact organisms, and indicated that propionate was utilized via its carboxylation. Incorporation of I4CO2by whole organisms A consequence of this inference would be that the pattern of isotope incorporation observed when sodium P4C]bicarbonate is added to Microco ...
Nature template
... We considered the possibility that the reduced CO2 emission in light was due to its re-fixation via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase. The product, oxaloacetate, could be converted into amino acids and stored in proteins or possibly secreted from the embryo (e.g. in reduced for ...
... We considered the possibility that the reduced CO2 emission in light was due to its re-fixation via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase. The product, oxaloacetate, could be converted into amino acids and stored in proteins or possibly secreted from the embryo (e.g. in reduced for ...
Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea
... Archaea form the third domain of life, alongside the other two domains, the Bacteria and Eukarya. The distinct archaeal lineages that have been identified include the Crenarchaeota (from the Greek ‘crenos’ for spring or origin) and the Euryarchaeota (from the Greek ‘euryos’ for diversity)1 (FIG. 1). ...
... Archaea form the third domain of life, alongside the other two domains, the Bacteria and Eukarya. The distinct archaeal lineages that have been identified include the Crenarchaeota (from the Greek ‘crenos’ for spring or origin) and the Euryarchaeota (from the Greek ‘euryos’ for diversity)1 (FIG. 1). ...
Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea
... Archaea form the third domain of life, alongside the other two domains, the Bacteria and Eukarya. The distinct archaeal lineages that have been identified include the Crenarchaeota (from the Greek ‘crenos’ for spring or origin) and the Euryarchaeota (from the Greek ‘euryos’ for diversity)1 (FIG. 1). ...
... Archaea form the third domain of life, alongside the other two domains, the Bacteria and Eukarya. The distinct archaeal lineages that have been identified include the Crenarchaeota (from the Greek ‘crenos’ for spring or origin) and the Euryarchaeota (from the Greek ‘euryos’ for diversity)1 (FIG. 1). ...
Carbon Metabolism in Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
... colonize the roots of over 80% of plants in all terrestrial environments. Understanding why AM fungi do not complete their life cycle under free-living conditions has significant implications for the management of one of the world’s most important symbioses. We used 13C-labeled substrates and nuclea ...
... colonize the roots of over 80% of plants in all terrestrial environments. Understanding why AM fungi do not complete their life cycle under free-living conditions has significant implications for the management of one of the world’s most important symbioses. We used 13C-labeled substrates and nuclea ...
711 BOMB CARBON AS A TRACER OF DIETARY CARBON
... al. 1990; Figure 1). Inorganic 14CO2 is incorporated into the biosphere via two pathways: by plant photosynthesis into the terrestrial food web, or by atmospheric 14CO2 mixing with the surface ocean, which also mixes with upwelling deep water depleted in 14C. The latter process results in surfaceoce ...
... al. 1990; Figure 1). Inorganic 14CO2 is incorporated into the biosphere via two pathways: by plant photosynthesis into the terrestrial food web, or by atmospheric 14CO2 mixing with the surface ocean, which also mixes with upwelling deep water depleted in 14C. The latter process results in surfaceoce ...
as a PDF
... fall far short of those observed. Moreover, if any incorporation of activity into carbon dioxide occurred by mechanisms other than recycling, even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar ...
... fall far short of those observed. Moreover, if any incorporation of activity into carbon dioxide occurred by mechanisms other than recycling, even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar ...
Isotope fractionations in the biosynthesis of cell components by
... Abbreviations : GC/C/IRMS, gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry ; C16:0, palmitic acid; C18:0, stearic acid; C18:1g9, oleic acid; C18:2g6,9, linolic acid ...
... Abbreviations : GC/C/IRMS, gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry ; C16:0, palmitic acid; C18:0, stearic acid; C18:1g9, oleic acid; C18:2g6,9, linolic acid ...
PDF
... transport to the reductive (reverse) TCA (RTCA) cycle, which is basically the reversal of the oxidative (forward) TCA (OTCA) cycle, for fixing CO2 and producing biomass (Evans et al., 1966a). Heliobacteria have an incomplete RTCA cycle, and can utilize a limited set of carbon sources. Reduced ferredo ...
... transport to the reductive (reverse) TCA (RTCA) cycle, which is basically the reversal of the oxidative (forward) TCA (OTCA) cycle, for fixing CO2 and producing biomass (Evans et al., 1966a). Heliobacteria have an incomplete RTCA cycle, and can utilize a limited set of carbon sources. Reduced ferredo ...
PDF
... transport to the reductive (reverse) TCA (RTCA) cycle, which is basically the reversal of the oxidative (forward) TCA (OTCA) cycle, for fixing CO2 and producing biomass (Evans et al., 1966a). Heliobacteria have an incomplete RTCA cycle, and can utilize a limited set of carbon sources. Reduced ferredo ...
... transport to the reductive (reverse) TCA (RTCA) cycle, which is basically the reversal of the oxidative (forward) TCA (OTCA) cycle, for fixing CO2 and producing biomass (Evans et al., 1966a). Heliobacteria have an incomplete RTCA cycle, and can utilize a limited set of carbon sources. Reduced ferredo ...
Bioreaction Network Topology and Metabolic Flux Ratio
... Winzerlaer Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany. ...
... Winzerlaer Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany. ...
Scott et al. 2006
... reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis can be used to distinguish amino acids formed by life from those formed by nonbiological processes. The unique patterns of 13C imprinted by life on amino acids produced a biological bias. We also showed that, by applying discriminant function analysis t ...
... reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis can be used to distinguish amino acids formed by life from those formed by nonbiological processes. The unique patterns of 13C imprinted by life on amino acids produced a biological bias. We also showed that, by applying discriminant function analysis t ...
Design and analysis of metabolic pathways supporting
... Microbial electrosynthesis may be especially useful for the renewable energy market. One major drawback of most renewable energy sources, including solar, wind and hydro-energy, is that their output, i.e. electricity, is difficult to store [17]. Microbial electrosynthesis of fuels could address this ...
... Microbial electrosynthesis may be especially useful for the renewable energy market. One major drawback of most renewable energy sources, including solar, wind and hydro-energy, is that their output, i.e. electricity, is difficult to store [17]. Microbial electrosynthesis of fuels could address this ...
Rubisco
... Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
... Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
Exogenous glutamine increases lipid accumulation in
... software (SPSS Institute, Version 16.0) using one-way ANOVA. Mean separations were conducted using Duncan’s multiple range test (α=0.05) to determine significance. Unless otherwise indicated, all experiments were done with at least three replications per treatment. RESULTS Effect of glutamine supple ...
... software (SPSS Institute, Version 16.0) using one-way ANOVA. Mean separations were conducted using Duncan’s multiple range test (α=0.05) to determine significance. Unless otherwise indicated, all experiments were done with at least three replications per treatment. RESULTS Effect of glutamine supple ...
biochem_lec3_27-4
... ** Cholesterol is needed in all animal cells and all animal cells are capable of producing cholesterol, which shows its importance for the cells. **As cholesterol is mainly produced by the liver and small intestine it's then transported to different cells. Although cells have the ability to make it ...
... ** Cholesterol is needed in all animal cells and all animal cells are capable of producing cholesterol, which shows its importance for the cells. **As cholesterol is mainly produced by the liver and small intestine it's then transported to different cells. Although cells have the ability to make it ...
Every dogma has its day
... been done on the biochemistry of carbon metabolism in autotrophs. The discovery of 14 C by Martin Kamen (Ruben and Kamen, 1941) was an event that transformed the situation. In the wake of this discovery, after the war, a team led by Calvin solved the complex pathway of CO2 fixation in algae and plan ...
... been done on the biochemistry of carbon metabolism in autotrophs. The discovery of 14 C by Martin Kamen (Ruben and Kamen, 1941) was an event that transformed the situation. In the wake of this discovery, after the war, a team led by Calvin solved the complex pathway of CO2 fixation in algae and plan ...