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A Critical Health Issue 20% or 1 in 5 Americans suffer from a mental illness in a given year Mental Illness is more common than: Cancer Diabetes Heart Disease 50% of all individuals suffering from a mental disorder are going untreated 40% of all homeless people have some form of mental/emotional problem 20% of people in prison have a mental disorder Biological Causes Biochemical Disturbances Genetics Infections- can cause brain damage Brain defects or injury Prenatal damage Poor nutrition, exposure to toxins Psychological Causes Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent Neglect Poor ability to relate to others Death or divorce A dysfunctional family life Living in poverty Feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, anxiety, anger or loneliness Changing jobs or schools Social or cultural expectations (For example, a society that associates beauty with thinness can be a factor in the development of eating disorders.) Substance abuse by the person or the person's parents Academic Homesickness Peer relationships Family Identity Work Illness Only 35% of people with diagnosable disorders seek treatment The single most common barrier to seeking treatment is embarrassment The stigma attached to mental illness continues to be a huge barrier and delay to early diagnosis and treatment Secrecy The “black sheep of the family” role Isolation or Social Exclusion Stereotypes Discrimination Anxiety Mood Disorders Disorders Personality Psychotic Disorders Disorders Dissociative Disorders Somatoform Disorders Panic Disorder 6 million Americans Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – OCD 2.2 million Americans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – PTSD 7.7 million Americans Phobias 6.2 million Americans Generalized Anxiety Disorder – GAD 6.8 million Americans Affect about 40 million adults, the most common of the all mental disorders Begin in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood Occur slightly more often in women than in men Commonly occur along with other mental or physical illnesses, including alcohol or substance abuse, which may mask anxiety symptoms or make them worse Feelings of panic, fear and uneasiness Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts Repeated thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic experiences Nightmares Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeated hand washing Problems sleeping Cold or sweaty hands Shortness of breath Palpitations An inability to be still and calm Dry mouth Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet Nausea Muscle tension 1 in 8 teens suffer from clinical depression Fewer than half seek treatment Onset is most often occurs during the 24-44 year olds. More than twice as many women than men suffer from clinical depression 1 of 4 women and 1 of 10 men develop depression during their lifetime Family history, substance abuse, and stress increase risk An illness, not a weakness! Serious disturbances in work, social, and physical functioning including suicidal thought Not relieved by circumstances May last for months or years untreated Persistent and intense mood change Situational/Adjustment – Related to a specific situation Bereavement – Death of a loved one Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Clinical Depression Psychotic Depression Bipolar (Manic-Depressive Illness) Dysthymia Depression Post-Partum Depression – after pregnancy 2% general population over a lifetime Half of cases begin before age 20 Episodic extremes between states depressed state and excitable, euphoric/irritable, impulsive state Strong family linkage Occurs equally in men and women Symptoms of mania ("the highs"): “Silver Linings Playbook” Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile Restlessness Rapid speech and poor concentration Increased energy and less need for sleep Tendency to make grand and unattainable plans Tendency to show poor judgment, such as deciding to quit a job Drug and alcohol abuse Increased impulsivity During depressive periods ("the lows”) symptoms include: Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Loss of enjoyment from things that once were pleasurable Difficulty concentrating Uncontrollable crying Difficulty making decisions Irritability Increased need for sleep Insomnia A change in appetite causing weight loss or gain Thoughts of death or suicide Attempting suicide Can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened. Victims of trauma related to physical and sexual assault face the greatest risk. PTSD is a lasting consequence of traumatic ordeals that cause intense fear, helplessness, or horror, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, an accident, war, or natural disaster. Families of victims can also develop post-traumatic stress disorder, as can emergency personnel and rescue workers. Can develop at any age, including childhood. Women are more likely to develop it than men. Due to the fact that women are more likely to be victims of domestic violence, abuse and rape. Symptoms of PTSD most often begin within three months of the event. In some cases, they do not begin until years later. The severity and duration of the illness vary. Some people recover within six month, while others suffer much longer. Symptoms are grouped into three main categories, including re-living, avoiding, and increased arousal American Sniper Common obsessions include: Fear of dirt or contamination by germs. Fear of causing harm to another. Hoarding – Fear of losing something (again) Fear of being embarrassed or behaving in a socially unacceptable manner. Fear of thinking evil or sinful thoughts. Need for order, symmetry or exactness. Excessive doubt and the need for constant reassurance “Checking and Cleaning” Personality disorders: Individuals have extreme and inflexible personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause problems in work, school or social relationships. In addition, the person's patterns of thinking and behavior significantly differ from the expectations of society and are so rigid that they interfere with the person's normal functioning. Examples include antisocial personality disorder (Joker), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( Black Swan) and paranoid personality disorder. This disorder most often first appear when a person is in his or her late teens, 20s or 30s. They affect men and women about equally. Schizophrenia: “A Beautiful Mind” People with this illness have changes in behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and hallucinations -- that last longer than six months, usually with a decline in work, school and social functioning. Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have sudden, short periods of psychotic behavior, often in response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the family. Usually lasts less than a month. Individuals suffer severe disturbances or changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness of themselves and their surroundings. These disorders usually are associated with overwhelming stress, which may be the result of traumatic events, accidents or disasters that may be experienced or witnessed by the individual. Dissociative identity disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder, or "split personality“ A person with a somatoform disorder, formerly known as psychosomatic disorder, experiences physical symptoms of an illness even though a doctor can find no medical cause for the symptoms. Hypochondria is an example of a somatoform disorder. Hypochondria There will be legitimate physical problems but no physical cause…often related to stressors Medication-Medicines used to reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders include anti-depressants and anxietyreducing medications. Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) - addresses the emotional response to mental illness. It is a process in which trained mental health professionals help people by talking through strategies for understanding and dealing with their disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy: People suffering from disorders often participate in this type of psychotherapy in which the person learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings. Binge Eating Disorder Anxiety Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Schizophrenia Dysthymic Depression Narcissistic Disorder ADD-ADHD