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Standard #: SC.912.L.16.2
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Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and
multiple alleles.
Subject Area: Science
Grade: 912
Body of Knowledge: Life Science
Standard: Heredity and Reproduction -
Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
A. DNA stores and transmits genetic information. Genes are sets of instructions encoded in the structure of DNA.
B. Genetic information is passed from generation to generation by DNA in all organisms and accounts for similarities
in related individuals.
C. Manipulation of DNA in organisms has led to commercial production of biological molecules on a large scale and
genetically modified organisms.
D. Reproduction is characteristic of living things and is essential for the survival of species.
Content Complexity Rating: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved
Related Courses
Course Number
2000800:
2000315:
2000500:
2002425:
2002080:
2002085:
2000310:
2000320:
2000430:
2000370:
2002480:
2000440:
2002420:
2002430:
2000020:
7920015:
Course Title
Biology 1 Pre-International Baccalaureate (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Biology 1 for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Bioscience 1 Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Integrated Science 2 for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
M/J Comprehensive Science 2, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
M/J Comprehensive Science 2 Accelerated Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Biology 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Biology 1 Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Biology Technology (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Botany (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018 (course terminated))
Forensic Sciences 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Genetics (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Integrated Science 2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
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M/J Life Science, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Access Biology 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current))
Related Access Points
Independent
Access Points Number
SC.912.L.16.In.2:
Access Points Title
Identify traits that plants and animals, including humans, inherit.
Supported
Access Points Number
SC.912.L.16.Su.1:
Access Points Title
Recognize characteristics (traits) that offspring inherit from parents.
Participatory
Access Points Number
SC.912.L.16.Pa.1:
Access Points Title
Recognize similar characteristics (traits) between a child and parents, such as hair, eye, and skin color, or height.
Related Resources
Tutorial
page 1 of 4 Name
Chromosomes Carry Genes:
Description
With this tutorial, you can understand that DNA is wrapped together to form structures called chromosomes. Genes
are sections of DNA that are carried on the chromosomes and determine specific characteristics in organisms. This
specific tutorial focuses on sex-linked traits and the work done by Thomas Hunt Morgan with fruit flies.
Genes Come in Pairs:
This tutorial will help you to understand that genes play an important role in determining physical traits. These traits
helps us to identify the homozygous or heterozygous variety of genes. When the pair of genes are homozygous,
they are known as pure bred, i.e they have two copies of the same gene for each trait. For heterozygous variety,
they have different gene for each trait. Out of this pair, one will be dominant and other will be recessive.
Punnet Square Fun:
This Khan Academy video explains and demonstrates how to use Punnett Squares for monohybrid crosses
and dihybrid crosses. The video also shows how to use Punnett Squares for inheritance patterns such as
codominance, incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles.
Sex-Linked Traits:
This Khan Academy tutorial addresses the differences between the X and Y chromosomes in humans. The
SRY gene found on the Y chromosome is discussed and the genes that cause color-blindness and hemophilia on the
X chromosome are discussed.
Original Tutorial
Name
Complex Modes of
Inheritance:
Description
Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in a text…
Differentiate between polygenic and multiple alleles.
Predict genetic outcomes using a Punnett square with alleles that result in a codominant trait.
Analyze observed outcomes of a sex linked trait using a Punnett square.
Analyze observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritances including codominant, incomplete
dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles.
Student Center Activity
Name
Dihybrid Cross Problem Set:
Description
In this problem set, multiple choice problems are displayed one at a time. If students answer correctly, they are shown
a short explanation. If their answer is incorrect, a tutorial will follow, and the students will be given another chance to
answer.
Teaching Idea
Name
Dihybrid Crosses:
Description
This simple guide will walk you through the steps of solving a typical dihybrid cross common in genetics. The method
can also work for any cross that involves two traits.
Lesson Plan
Name
Dragon Genetics:
Eggenetic Baby:
Description
In this lab, Dragon Genetics: Principles of Mendelian Genetics, students learn the principles of Mendelian genetics by
using Popsicle sticks, each of which represents a pair of homologous chromosomes with multiple genetic traits. Pairs of
students use their sets of Popsicle sticks to represent a mating and then identify the genetic makeup and phenotypic
traits of the resulting baby dragon.
Students will apply their knowledge of genetics and predicting heredity to synthesize an original model of traits.
Students will use appropriate tools (Punnett squares) and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data.Students
will explore various modes of inheritance through a hands-on activity creating offspring of a fictitious organism.
Genetics, Genetics, and More Students will complete Punnett Squares for various genetic crosses, and analyze and interpret the results of those
crosses. Students will be able to predict the genotype and phenotype of P1 and F1 generations using Punnett
Genetics:
Squares. Students will be able to identify complex patterns of inheritance such as co-dominance and incomplete
dominance.
Livestock Plans for Raising Red This lesson about genetics and mutations investigates how red nosed reindeer could be raised in a livestock setting.
Students will draw Punnett squares and design livestock plans for reproduction of red nosed reindeer.
Nosed Reindeer:
Mendelian Genetics:
A full lesson plan on teaching Mendelian Genetics and how to use and understand punnett squares.
Non-Mendelian Genetics: Not Students will compare and contrast the non-Mendelian inheritance patterns of codominance and incomplete
All Genetic Crosses Are Easy- dominance.
PEAsy:
Students apply the scientific process in an online lab inquiry of how traits are inherited with the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster. They also learn and apply the principles of Mendelian inheritance. Students make hypotheses for
One Fly, Two Fly, Red Fly,
monohybrid, dihybrid and sex-linked traits and test their hypotheses by selecting fruit flies with different visible
Blue Fly:
mutations, mating them, and analyzing the phenotypic ratios of the offspring. Students record their observations into
an online notebook and write an online lab report.
The Truth about Blue Eyes:
Students work together to understand an article describing how genes cause eye color (and it probably doesn't match
what's in your textbook!)
This clicker case uses congenital generalized hypertrichosis (CGH), a rare genetic disease, to teach students the basic
principles of Mendelian inheritance.
Students watch a video clip from an ABC News interview that introduces them to Danny Gomez, a circus performer
page 2 of 4 The Wolfman Syndrome:
with the Mexican international Circus. Danny and several other family members of his family have a condition called
hypertrichosis-excessive hair growth in areas of the body that is not predominately androgen dependent. In the
process of meeting Danny and his family, students learn basic genetic concepts including DNA organization, karyotype
analysis, dominance and recessive patterns of inheritance, sex linkage, and lyonization, as well as a brief introduction to
the evolutionary idea of atavism.
Worksheet
Name
Description
This is a lab/activity that uses dragons as "research subjects" for genetics research. It highlights independent
assortment as well as gene linkage. Students will do the first part of the activity using independent assortment (genes
on different chromosomes). The second part of the activity looks at genes on the same chromosome, and how
Dragon Genetics -linkage plays a part in allele assortment. It can be used to show how crossing over allows increased variation when
Independent Assortment and
involving linked genes.
Gene Linkage :
Worksheets are available in both Word and PDF formats, for both teacher and student. There is an additional dragon
genetics lab that illustrates the principles of Mendelian genetics as a whole.
Virtual Manipulative
Name
Description
This tutorial explores the work of Gregor Mendel and his foundational genetics experiments with pea plants. It provides
practice opportunities to check your understanding of inheritance patterns including single gene recessive traits and sex
Genetics:
linked traits. The tutorial also covers more complex patterns of inheritance such those resulting from multiple alleles.
Note: This resource is part of a larger collection of information regarding Genetics. Users may view information before
and after the specific genetics components highlighted here.
This is a simplified, interactive demonstration of genetic principles. Using a fictional species named the Norn, students
can predict the outcome of genetic crosses (mono and di-hybrid, sex-linked, and multiple-allele). This could be used to
Norn Genetics:
strengthen the students understanding of genetics, practice Punnet squares, or practice calculation of
genotypic/phenotypic ratios. However, it is unlikely to be useful as an independent assignment (if used as designed).
In this resource, students can watch a short video to better understand Punnett Squares, then practice their
understanding with the virtual lab. In the virtual lab, scenarios are presented using flies where the student has to
Virtual Lab: Punnett Squares:
determine the genotypes of the parent flies based on the information given. Once the parent genotypes are entered
correctly, the student then has to determine the genotype and phenotype combinations in the Punnett Square.
Text Resource
Name
Description
This website is a good resource for reviewing the basics of the study of genetics. It conveniently lists and describes
common genetic disorders, and describes procedure for setting up a medical family tree.
Know Your Genes:
Video/Audio/Animation
Name
Lab: Mendelian Inheritance:
Description
Provides a historical background about Gregor Mendel, the father of Genetics
Lists the rules of inheritance
Contains an interactive activity for making a pedigree
This video describes the chromosomal basis for gender and sex-linked traits.
Sex-Linked Traits:
Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea
Name
Modeling Incomplete
Dominance and CoDominance:
Teaching Inheritance with
Alien Family Photos:
Description
Don't lose your marbles over genetics concepts! Here's an idea to teach about non-Mendelian inheritance!
Here's a genetics activity that's out of this world!
Perspectives Video: Expert
Name
Observable Inheritance
Patterns:
Description
A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.
Student Resources
Name
Complex Modes of
Inheritance:
Description
Learn how to identify explicit evidence and understand implicit meaning in a text…
Differentiate between polygenic and multiple alleles.
Predict genetic outcomes using a Punnett square with alleles that result in a codominant trait.
Analyze observed outcomes of a sex linked trait using a Punnett square.
Analyze observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritances including codominant, incomplete
dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles.
Dihybrid Cross Problem In this problem set, multiple choice problems are displayed one at a time. If students answer correctly, they are shown a short
page 3 of 4 Set:
explanation. If their answer is incorrect, a tutorial will follow, and the students will be given another chance to answer.
This tutorial will help you to understand that genes play an important role in determining physical traits. These traits helps us
to identify the homozygous or heterozygous variety of genes. When the pair of genes are homozygous, they are known as
Genes Come in Pairs: pure bred, i.e they have two copies of the same gene for each trait. For heterozygous variety, they have different gene for
each trait. Out of this pair, one will be dominant and other will be recessive.
Genetics:
Know Your Genes:
Lab: Mendelian
Inheritance:
This tutorial explores the work of Gregor Mendel and his foundational genetics experiments with pea plants. It provides practice
opportunities to check your understanding of inheritance patterns including single gene recessive traits and sex linked traits.
The tutorial also covers more complex patterns of inheritance such those resulting from multiple alleles. Note: This resource is
part of a larger collection of information regarding Genetics. Users may view information before and after the specific genetics
components highlighted here.
This website is a good resource for reviewing the basics of the study of genetics. It conveniently lists and describes common
genetic disorders, and describes procedure for setting up a medical family tree.
Provides a historical background about Gregor Mendel, the father of Genetics
Lists the rules of inheritance
Contains an interactive activity for making a pedigree
Norn Genetics:
This is a simplified, interactive demonstration of genetic principles. Using a fictional species named the Norn, students can
predict the outcome of genetic crosses (mono and di-hybrid, sex-linked, and multiple-allele). This could be used to strengthen
the students understanding of genetics, practice Punnet squares, or practice calculation of genotypic/phenotypic ratios.
However, it is unlikely to be useful as an independent assignment (if used as designed).
Observable
Inheritance Patterns:
A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.
Punnet Square Fun:
This Khan Academy video explains and demonstrates how to use Punnett Squares for monohybrid crosses
and dihybrid crosses. The video also shows how to use Punnett Squares for inheritance patterns such as codominance,
incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles.
Sex-Linked Traits:
This Khan Academy tutorial addresses the differences between the X and Y chromosomes in humans. The SRY gene found
on the Y chromosome is discussed and the genes that cause color-blindness and hemophilia on the X chromosome are
discussed.
Sex-Linked Traits:
This video describes the chromosomal basis for gender and sex-linked traits.
Virtual Lab: Punnett
Squares:
In this resource, students can watch a short video to better understand Punnett Squares, then practice their understanding
with the virtual lab. In the virtual lab, scenarios are presented using flies where the student has to determine the genotypes of
the parent flies based on the information given. Once the parent genotypes are entered correctly, the student then has to
determine the genotype and phenotype combinations in the Punnett Square.
Parent Resources
Name
Modeling Incomplete
Dominance and CoDominance:
Observable
Inheritance Patterns:
Description
Don't lose your marbles over genetics concepts! Here's an idea to teach about non-Mendelian inheritance!
A plant geneticist describes observable inheritance patterns and genetic mutations in maize.
page 4 of 4