Download Chapter 13 Meiosisand Sexual Life Cycles

Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Asexual reproduction and sexual
reproduction are different in that
A) individuals reproducing asexually
transmit 100% of their genes to their
progeny, whereas individuals
reproducing sexually only transmit
50%.
B) asexual reproduction produces
offspring that are genetically identical
to the parents, whereas sexual
reproduction gives rise to genetically
distinct offspring.
C) asexual reproduction involves a
single parent, whereas sexual
reproduction involves two.
D) asexual reproduction only requires
mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction
always involves meiosis.
E) all of the above
4) How do the two members of a pair of
homologous chromosomes differ from
each other?
A) their length
B) the identity and relative position of
the genes present on each of the
chromosomes
C) their staining patterns
D) the position of the centromere within
each of the chromosomes
E) the precise sequence of the DNA
within each of the chromosomes
5) What is a karyotype?
A) the set of unique physical
characteristics that define an
individual
B) the collection of all the mutations
present within a genome
C) a unique combination of
chromosomes found in a gamete
a system of classifying cell nuclei
E) a display of every pair of
homologous chromosomes within a
cell, organized according to size and
shape
10) Which of the following is true of a species
that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
A) The species is diploid with 32
chromosomes.
B) The species has 16 sets of
chromosomes.
C) There are 8 homologous pairs.
D) During the S phase of the cell cycle
there will be 32 separate
chromosomes.
E) A gamete from this species has 4
chromosomes.
13) Which of these statements is false?
A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal
autosomes has a homologous paternal
chromosome.
B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex
chromosomes, determines whether
the person is female (XX) or male
(XY).
C) Single, haploid (n) sets of
chromosomes in ovum and sperm
unite during fertilization, forming a
diploid (2n), single-celled zygote.
D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes
produce diploid gametes by meiosis.
E) Sexual life cydes differ with respect to
the relative timing of meiosis and
fertilization.
23) After telophase I of meiosis, the
chromosomal makeup of each daughter
cellis
A) diploid, and the chromosomes are
composed of a single chromatid.
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are
composed of two chromatids.
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are
composed of a single chromatid.
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are
composedof two chromaffd&
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are
composed of two chromatids.
For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis
with the stages listed below.
I.
II.
IlL
IV.
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
V.
VI.
VII.
VUL
prophase U
metaphase 11
anaphase II
telophase 11
Use the following key to answer the following questions.
Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27) Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the
center of the cell; independent assortment
37) A cell divides to produce two daughter
cells that are genetically identical.
soon follows.
A)I
8)11
C)IV
D)VI1
E)Vffl
28) Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs;
crossing over may occur.
A)l
B) II
C)W
D)Vl
El VII
s at the
30) Which of the following happen
condusion of meiosis I?
are
A) Homologous chromosomes
separated.
B) The chromosome number is
conserved.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
formed.
D) Four daughter cells are
to form a
E) The sperm cells elongate
head and a tail end.
31) Which of the following is true of the
process of meiosis?
A) Two diploid cells result
B) Four diploid cells result
C) Four haploid cells result
D) Four autosomes result
E) Four chiasmata result
The statement is true for mitosis only.
The statement is true for melosis lonly.
The statement is true for meiosis II only.
The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis 1.
The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis IL
38) Homologous chromosomes synapse and
crossing over occurs.
40) Independent assortment of chromosomes
occurs.
41) The process is preceded by replication of
the DNA.
The following questions refer to the essential steps in melosis
described below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
formation of four new nudei, each with half the
chromosomes present in the parental nudeus
alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
separation of sister chromatids
separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of
the centromere
synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of
the cell in pairs
49) From the descriptions above, which of the
following is the order that most logically
illustrates a sequence of meiosis?
A) 1,2,3,4,5
B)5,4,2,1,3
C) 5,3,2,4, 1
0)4,5,2,1,3
E) 5,2.4,3,1
53) How does the sexual life cyde increase the
genetic variation in a species?
A) by allowing independent assortment
of chromosomes
B) by allowing random fertilization
C) by allowing crossing over
D)AandBonly
E)A,B,andC
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene
Idea
3
2) A plant with purple flowers is allowed to.
self-pollinate. Generation after generation,
it produces purple flowers. This is an
example of
A) hybridization.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) true-breeding
D) the law of segregation.
E) polygenetics.
5) A cross between homozygous
purple-flowered and homozygous
white-flowered pea plants results in
offspring with purple flowers. This
demonstrates
A) the blending model of genetics.
B) true-breeding
C) dominance.
D) a dihybrid cross.
E) the mistakes made by MendeL
I
8) Which of the following is (are) true for
alleles?
A) They can be identical or different for
any given gene in a somatic celL
B) They can be dominant or recessive
C) They can represent alternative forms
ofagene
D)OnlyAandBarecOrrect.
E)A,B,andCarecorrect
9) What is genetic cross between an
individual showing a dominant phenotype
(but of unknown genotype) and a
homozygous recessive individual called?
A) a self-cross
B) a testcross
C) a hybrid cross
D)anFicrose
E) a dihybrid cross
LO). I-low many unique gametes could be
produced through independent
assortment by an individual with the
genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
A)4
B) 8.
C)16.
D)32
E) 64
11) Two plants are crossed, resulting in
offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular
trait This suggests
• A) that the parents were true-breeding
for contrasting traits.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) that a blending of traits has occurred.
D) that the parents were both
heterozygous.
E) that eachoffapring has the same
alleles.
12) Two characters that appear in a 93:3:1
ratio in the F2 generation should have
which of the following properties?
A) Each of the characters is controlled by
a single gene.
B) The genes controlling the characters.
obey the law of independent
assortment.
C) Each of the genes controlling the
characters has two alleles.
D)OnlyAandCarecorrect.
E)A,BandCarecorrect
24) The fact that all seven of the pea plant
traitsstudied by Mendel obeyed the
principle of independent assortment
means that
A) none of the traits obeyed the law of
segregation.
B) the diploid number of chromosomes
inthepeaplants.was7.
C) all of the genes controlling the traits
were located on the same
chromosome.
I)) all of the genes controlling the traits
behaved as if they were on different
chromosomes.
E) the formation of gametes in plants
occurs by mitosis only.
23) Which of the following is false, regarding
the law of segregation?
A) It states that each of two alleles for a
given trait segregate into different
gametes.
B) It can be explained by the segregation
of homologous chromosomes during
meiosis.
C) It can account for the 3:1 ratio seen in
the F2 generation of Mendels
crosses.
D) It can be used to predict the likelihood
of transmission of certain genetic
diseases withih families.
E)Itisarnethodthatcanbeusedto
determine the number of
chromosomes in a plant
36) Tallness (T) is dominant to dwarfness (t),
while red (R) flower color is dominant to
white (r). The heterozygous condition
results in pink (Ri’) flower color. A dwarf,
red snapdragon is crossed with a plant
homozygous for tallness and white
flowers. What are the genotype and
phenotype of the Fi individuals?
A) ttRr—dwarf and pink
B) ttrr—dwarf and white
C) TLRr—tall and red
0) TtRr—tall and pink
E) TTRR—tall and red
The questions below refrr to thefollowing terms. Each term
may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
0.
25) Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown
fur (b). Short tails (1’) are dominant to long
tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of
the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur
and long tails?
A)1/16
8)3/16
C)3/8
0)1/2
E)9/16
27) A couple has three children, all of whom
have brown eyes and blond hair. Both
parents are homozygous for brown eyes
(BB), but one is a blond (rr) and the other is
a redhead (Rr). What is the probability that
their next child will be a brown—eyed
redhead?
A)1/16
8)1/8
C)1/4
0)1/2
E) 1
35) In snapdragonS heterozygoteS have pink
flowers, whereas homozygotes have red or
white flowers. When plants with red
flowers are crossed with plants with white
flowers, what proportion of the offspring
will have pink flowers?
A)0%
8)25%
C)50%
0)75%
H) 100%
)
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
pleiotropy
epistasis.
50) the ability of a single gene to have multiple
phenotypic effects
51) the ABO blood group system
52) the phenotype of the heterozygOte
differs from the phenotypes of both
homozygOtes
the lungs the
53) cystiC fibrosis affects systeni, and other
pancreas thedigestive
syiTLptOIna ranging
orgaflS resulting in
t0 reaIrreit
from breathing difficulties
infections
A woman and her spouse both show the normal
0 but both had one parent
phenotype for pigmentation
who was an albino. Albinism is an autosomal recessive
trait
56) What is the probability that their first child
will be an albino?
-
A)0
8) 1/4
C) 1/2
0)3/4
E)1
57) If their first two childreii have normal
pigmentatiàn, what is the probability that
their third child will be an albino?
A)0
8)1/4
C)1/2
0)3/4
H) 1
58) s
t
Hun
tington disease is caused by a
dominant allele If one of your parents has
the disease, what is the probability that
you, too, will have the disease?
A)1
B)3/4
C)1/2
0)1/4
E) 0
The ilowing questions r the pediee chart in Figure
14.1 fir afamily, some of whose members exhibit the
recessive trait, wooly hair Affected individuals are indicated
by an open square or circle.
2
A
WW
Wi,
Figure 14.1
60) What is the genotype of individual 13-5?
A)WW
B) Ww
C)ww
0) WWorww
B) tow or Ww
61) Whatisthelikelihood that the progeny of
0-3 and 0-4 wilihave wooly hair?
A) 0%
B)25%
C) 50%
0)75%
B) 100%
63) People with sickle-cell trait
A) are heterozygouS for the jckle-ceW
allele.
B) are usually healthy
C) have increased resistance to malaria.
0) produce normal and abnormal
hemoglobin.
E) all of the above
)
çrlS
4) Which of the follo
wing statements is (are)
true?
A) The doser two gene
s are on a
chromosome, the higher
the
probability that a crossover
will occur
between them.
B) The observed frequ
ency of
recombination of two gene
s that are
far apart from each othe
r has a
maximum. value of 50%.
C) Two of the traits that
Mendel studied—
seed color and flower
color—are
linked on the same chro
mosome.
D)OnIy Band Care corre
ct
E) A, B, and C are corre
ct
6) New combinationa of
linked genes are due
to which of the following
?
A) nondisjunction
B)crossingover
C) independent assortme
nt
0) mixing of sperm and
egg
E) bothA and C
7) What does a frequency
of recombination oi
50% indicate?
A) The two genes likelyare
located on
different chromosomes.
B) All of the offspring have
combjnafiona of traits that matc
h one
of the two parents.
C) The genes are located
on sex
chromosomes.
0) Abnormal meiosis has
occurred.
B) Independent assortment
is hindere&
13) The following is a map of four genes on a
chromosome
Ib
12
Between which two genes would you
expect the highest frequency of
recombination?
A)AandW
B)WandE
C)EandG
D)AandE
44) A Barr bOdy is normally found in the
nucleus of which kind of human cell?
A) unfertilized egg cells only
often affected by
26) Males are more
females because
sexlinked traits than
gOt’s for the X
A) males are hemizy
chromosome.
such as testosterone
B) male hormones
effects of
often exacerbate the
osome.
chrom
mutations on the X
such as estrogen
C) female hormones
the effects of
often compensate for
mutations on the X.
in males generallY
t)) X chromosomes
than X
have more mutations
s.
female
chromosomes in
often
the ‘1 chromosome
E) mutations on
of X-hnked
exacerbate the effects
mutations.
31) SRYis
A) a gene present on the Y chromosome
that triggers male development.
B) a gene present on the X chromosome
that triggers female development.
C) an autosomal gene that is required for I
the expression of genes on the ,i
chromosome.
D) an autosomal gene that is required for
the expression of genes on the x
chromosome.
E) required for development, and males
or females lacking the gene do not
survive past early.
B) sperm cells only
, somatic cells of a female only
D) somatic cells of a male only
E) both male and female somatic cells
s II
47) If nondisjunction occurs in meiosi
the
be
will
what
during gametogeflesis,
s?
meiosi
result at the completion of
.
A) All the gametes will be diploid
two
B) Two gametes will ben +1, and
will be n-i.
will be
C) One gamete will be n +1, one
.
n-1andtwowillben
D) There will be three extra gametes.
E) Two of the four gametes will be
haploid, and two will be diploii
51) If a chromosome lacks certain genes, what
has most likely occurred?
A) disjunction
B) an inversion
a aeletion
D) a translocation
E) a nonduplication
.
blindness is a sex-linked
33) Red-green color
Two people
recessive trait in humans.
have a
with normal color vision
the. genotypes
are
What
color—blind son.
oftheparents?
AVCV
vrVC
.
. anin
A,i.n
CY
CandX
B)XCX
C) XCXC and XCY
i
iid
13
.
37) A recessive allele on the X chromosome is
responsible for red-green color blindness
in humans. A woman with normal vision
whose father is color-blind marries a
color-blind male. What is the probability
that a son of this couple will be
color-blind?
A)O
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)3/4
T.’ I
81
4
5
a
i
a
2
3
rIO
i*
tilt X MI R ii
20.
19
1
16
16
IT
15
10
2t
11
12
(14
.
22
Figure 15.5
D)XCXCandXCY
E) XCXC and
y
j
15.5 is
57) The karyotype shown in Figure
ing
follow
the
associated.with which of
genetic disorders?
A) Turner syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) hemophilia:.
E) male-pattern baldness
Chapter 13
3)E 4)E
5)E
1O)C 13)D 23)D 27)B 28)A 30)A 31)C 37)A
38)B 40)B 41)D 49)E 53)E
Chapter 14
2)C 5)C
8)E
9)B
1O)B 11)D 12)E 24)D 23)E 25)D 27)D
35)E 36)D 50)C 51)B 52)A 53)C 56)B 57)B 58)C 60)C 61)C
63)E
Chapter 15
4)D 6)B
7)A
13)E 26)A 31)A 33)E 37)C 44)C 47)C 51)C
57)C
3
A
Chapter 13
3)E
4)E
5)E
1O)C 13)D 23)D 27)B 28)A 30)A 31)C 37)A
38)B 40)B 41)D 49)E 53)E
Chapter 14
2)C 5)C
8)E
9)B
1O)B 11)D 12)E 24)D 23)E 25)D 27)D
35)E 36)D 50)C 51)B 52)A 53)C 56)B 57)B 58)C 60)C 61)C
63)E
Chapteri5
4)D 6)B
57)C
7)A
13)E 26)A 31)A 33)E 37)C 44)C 47)C 51)C
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