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Section 7.2 – Meiosis Understanding Concepts #1-8 (p. 207) 1. Somatic Cells – full set of chromosomes (diploid cell) Reproductive Cells – half a set of chromosomes (haploid cell) 2. Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape and gene arrangements. (Each one of the chromosomes you received from you father is matched with one from your mom.) 3. During the first division, called meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles. During this division the diploid cells separate into 2 haploid cells. (called reduction division because chromosome number is reduced by half. The second phase (meiosis II) is marked by the division of the doublestranded chromosomes. 4. Mitosis One division Two cells produced Cells are identical to parent Meiosis Two divisions Four cells produced Cells contain half the chromosome number of the parent 5. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number in sex cells. Once 2 sex cells combine the full set of chromosomes is reinstated. If meiosis did not occur, the combination of sex cells would produce a zygote with double the chromosome number. In each succeeding generation, chromosome number would be doubled. 6. 39 chromosomes 7. Yes – genes that code for the same characteristic (eg. Eye colour) are located in the same position along homologous chromosomes. 8. Genes code for the same characteristic but they may not be identical. For example, the gene for eye colour is located on the same position on the chromosome contributed by your mom and dad, but your dad might have contributed a gene for blue eyes while your mom contributed a gene for brown eyes.