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Transcript
ALACTATE TRAINING: Does it Really Exist? Mike Martino, PhD, CSCS*D Georgia College Milledgeville, GA Thinking Outside the Box Terminology • Synonymous terms – Alactic – Alactate – Anaerobic‐alactic Stored Energy: High‐Energy Phosphates • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful • Synthesis of ATP from by‐products – ADP + Pi + energy ATP (via phosphorylation) – Can occur in absence or presence of O2 Bioenergetics: Basic Energy Systems • ATP storage limited • Body must constantly synthesize new ATP • Three ATP synthesis pathways – ATP‐PCr system (anaerobic metabolism) – Glycolytic system (anaerobic metabolism) – Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism) ATP‐PCr System • Anaerobic, substrate‐level metabolism • ATP yield: 1 mol ATP/1 mol PCr • Duration: 3 to 15 s • Because ATP stores are very limited, this pathway is used to reassemble ATP ATP‐PCr System • Phosphocreatine (PCr): ATP recycling – PCr + creatine kinase Cr + Pi + energy – PCr energy cannot be used for cellular work – PCr energy can be used to reassemble ATP • Replenishes ATP stores during rest • Recycles ATP during exercise until used up (~3‐15 s maximal exercise) Control of ATP‐PCr System: Creatine Kinase (CK) • PCr breakdown catalyzed by CK • CK controls rate of ATP production – Negative feedback system – When ATP levels (ADP ), CK activity – When ATP levels , CK activity Review of the Literature • Jacobs, I., Tesch, P., Bar‐Or, O., Karlsson, J., & Dotan, R. Lactate in human skeletal muscle after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Aug;55(2):365‐7. • Hirvonen, J., Rehunen, S., Rusko, H., & Harkonen, M. Breakdown of high‐energy phosphate compounds and lactate accumulation during short supramaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1987; 56(3):253‐9. • Pernow, B. & Wahren, J. Lactate and Pyruvate Formation and Oxygen Utilization in the Human Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1962; 56:267‐ 285. • Robergs, R. Exercise‐Induced Metabolic Acidosis: Where do the Protons come from? Sportscience 5(2), sportsci.org/jour/0102/rar.htm, 2001. • Spriett, L. Anaerobic metabolism in human skeletal muscle during short‐term, intense activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;70(1):157‐65. Key Points • Research evidence suggests that ATP‐PCr and Glycolysis are activated instantaneously at the onset of maximal activity • Significant levels of lactic acid are produced in under 10 sec of supramaximal exercise • More research needs to be conducted investigating lactic acid production with so‐ called “alactate” exercise • Concept of “alactate” work may need to be reconsidered or possibly redefined Practical Application • Volunteers needed • Supramaximal exercise bouts – <10 sec maximal effort • YSI Sport 1500 Blood Lactate Analyzer • Blood lactate samples – Pre‐exercise – Immediate post – Post‐exercise (1, 3, 5 min) QUESTIONS Contact Information Mike Martino, PhD, CSCS*D [email protected] 478‐445‐6987 drmikemartino.com