Download Our Genes Our Selves Unit Review

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Our Genes Our Selves Unit Review
1. Offspring that are the result of sexual reproduction are __never
identical___ to their parents.
2. How are traits determined?
• Traits are determined by the genes that are received from one’s
parents.
3. What occurs during sexual reproduction?
• During sexual reproduction, the egg and the sperm combine.
4. Are humans the only organisms that reproduce sexually?
• No
5. What part of the cell contains the genetic information?
• The genetic information is found in the nucleus of the cell.
6. Why did Mendel study pea plants?
• Mendel studied pea plants because they produce a lot of offspring
and have short generation time
7. What kind of plants (homozygous or heterozygous) did Mendel use? Why?
• Mendel used homozygous purebred plants.
8. What causes inherited diseases?
• Inherited diseases are caused by genes given to the offspring by
their parents.
9. What is an example of asexual reproduction?
• A worm breaking in two parts, a bacterial cell reproducing
10. What is the only reason an offspring of asexual reproduction is not
identical to the parent?
•
In the case of a mutation.
11. Define Homozygous and Heterozygous.
• Homozygous – An organism that has only one kind of allele for a
characteristic (For example bb or BB)
•
Heterozygous – An organism that has alleles for two different traits (For
example Bb or bB).
12. Define Genotype and Phenotype
• Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism; all the genes that
an organism has
• Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an organism
Student Name _________________________________
Our Genes Our Selves Unit Review
13. Create a Punnett Square that shows the results of a homozygous
dominant plant crossed with a heterozygous parent. What is the ratio of
dominant to recessive offspring?
4:0 BB x Bb
14. To determine a trait, how many genes come from each parent?
• Half of your genes come from each parent
15. When you look at a pedigree, how can you tell if a genetic condition is
dominant or recessive?
• If a condition is recessive, you usually see it less – and it skips a
generation.
• If a condition is dominant, you see it during all generations.
16. Who is known as the father of modern genetics?
• Gregor Mendel
17. What is a carrier?
• A carrier is a person who is heterozygous for a trait – they have the
gene for the trait, but do not outwardly show it.
18. If two parents are both carriers for a genetic trait, what are the chances
that they will pass on this trait to their offspring? Use a Punnett Square to
show your answer.
•
25% chance – each parent is heterozygous (Bb x Bb)
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Our Genes Our Selves Unit Review
19. What is a dominant trait?
• A dominant trait is a trait that you can always observe if at least
one allele for the trait is present
20. What is a genetic mutation?
• A mutation is the changing of the structure of a gene causing the
offspring cell to have a different trait from the parent cell.
21. Breeding of humans cannot be done in laboratories. What methods are
used to help understand human genetics?
• breeding other organisms
• studying human pedigrees
• examining DNA
22. What kinds of plants did Gregor Mendel use?
• Purebred homozygous pea plants.
23. What is an allele?
• An alternate form of a gene for a specific trait or gene product (a
version of a trait).
24. How are the offspring produced by asexual reproduction different from
the offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
• Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are identical (clones)
of the parent.
• Offspring produced by sexual reproduction have traits of both
parents.
25. During mitosis, how many times do the cells divide? How many
chromosomes are in the daughter cell after mitosis?
• During mitosis, the cells divide once.
• The daughter cell has 46 chromosomes (same as parent cell)
26. During meiosis, how many times do the cells divide? How many
chromosomes are in the daughter cell after meiosis?
• During meiosis, the cells divide twice.
• The daughter cell has 23 chromosomes (half the amount as parent
cell)
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Our Genes Our Selves Unit Review
27. Compare / Contrast Meiosis and Mitosis
28. If a woman has an A blood type, and a man has a B blood type – what
are the possible blood types for their children?
•
•
Woman could be AA or AO, Man could be BB, BO
Their children could be A, B, AB or O blood type.