Download Genetics Mendel

Genetics: the study of the
traits of organisms.
Gregor Mendel-is known as the
father of modern genetics.
Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
Mendel's genius was that he noticed
differences in peas being grown in his garden
and applied the scientific method to determine
the cause of these differences.
He published a paper in 1865 with these
three conclusions to his research:
He published a paper in 1865 with these
three conclusions to his research:
• Principle of Dominance and
Recessiveness - One factor in a pair may
mask the effect of the other.
He published a paper in 1865 with these
three conclusions to his research:
• Principle of Dominance and
Recessiveness - One factor in a pair may
mask the effect of the other.
• Principle of Segregation - The two
factors for a characteristic separate during
the formation of eggs and sperm.
He published a paper in 1865 with these
three conclusions to his research:
• Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness
•
•
- One factor in a pair may mask the effect of the
other.
Principle of Segregation - The two factors for
a characteristic separate during the formation of
eggs and sperm.
Principle of Independent Assortment - The
factors for different characteristics are
distributed to reproductive cells independently.
• At the time of Mendel's work,
chromosomes and the process of mitosis
and meiosis (blending of traits) were
unknown.
Could this relate to your life?
• At the time of Mendel's work,
chromosomes and the process of mitosis
and meiosis were unknown.
• Mendel's work was considered obscure
and unimportant until 1900, when Walter
Sutton proposed the Chromosome Theory.
Important genetic terms:
• Genotype - the genetic makeup of an
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organism.
Phenotype - the external appearance of an
organism.
Homozygous trait - the genes for that trait
are the same.
Heterozygous trait - the genes for that trait
are not the same.
More Important genetic terms:
• Monohybrid cross - a cross between
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individuals with one pair of contrasting genes.
Dihybrid cross - a cross between individuals
with two pairs of contrasting genes.
Parents - the two organisms whose genes
produce offspring.
F1 generation - the offspring from parents.
F2 generation - the offspring produced by
crossing two F1 individuals.