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BIOCHEMISTRY WEBQUEST
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Edited 2016
The four main classes of organic molecules that make up and are made by living cells are
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These are made up of different bonded
combinations of CHONPS, with CARBON atoms forming the framework (or “backbone”) of each
molecule. For this assignment, you will “travel” to the websites linked here to answer the following
questions.
CARBOHYDRATES
Site 1:
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/natural-science/life-science/ap13104/biomolecules-thecarbohydrates
(1 point per answer)
1) Carbohydrates provide the raw fuel for ______________ ___________ ________________.
2) Give 3 examples of monosaccharides.
a.
b.
c.
3) ____________________ is the 6 carbon sugar found in blood.
4) ____________________ is the sugar that sweetens fruit.
5) ____________________ is the sugar found in milk.
6) Glucose can have a straight line of carbon atoms or form a _____________ structure.
7) The 5-carbon sugars called “pentose” are used in nucleic acid synthesis are ___________________
and __________________.
8) Give 3 examples of disaccharides.
a.
b.
c.
9) Polysaccharides include ____________________, _________________, and ________________.
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10) ___________________________ is the storage molecule made from glucose by plants.
11) _______________________ is made by plants for cell wall construction.
12) Glycogen is the carbohydrate storage molecule found in ________________ and _____________.
Site 2:
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/carbohyd.htm#dehydration%20synthesis
1) List the three main groups of carbohydrates and give a specific example of each type. 6pts
2) Play the animation of dehydration synthesis (the yellow box under “Disaccharides” heading). 3pts
(a) What two monosaccharides did you start with?
(b) What disaccharide was produced?
(c) What molecule was released as a byproduct?
3) Four specific examples of polysaccharides are mentioned on this page. 6pts
(a) Name them.
(b) Which two are found in animals but not in plants?
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LIPIDS
Site 3:
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/natural-science/life-science/ap13204/biomolecules---the-lipids
(1 point per answer)
1) Lipids are organic molecules that are ___________________ in water. This chemical property is
known as HYDROPHOBIC.
2) Give 3 examples of lipids.
a.
b.
c.
3) Neutral fats are also called ________________________ because they have 3 fatty acids.
4) List 3 functions of neutral fats in your body:
a.
b.
c.
5) The building blocks of neutral fat molecules are ____________ _________ chains.
6) ___________________ fatty acids originate from animal sources and are _____________ at room
temperature. Notice how these have only single covalent bonds between their carbon atoms.
7) ____________________ fats originate from plants and are _________________ at room
temperature. Notice how these have some double covalent bonds between their carbon atoms.
8) _____________________________ are the chief components of all cell membranes.
9) _____________________ helps to stabilize cell membranes and is used by the body to break down
steroids.
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BIOCHEMISTRY WEBQUEST
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Site 4: Neutral Fats: http://www2.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm
1) Based on what you can see in their structure, why do you suppose these molecules are known as
“triglycerides”? (hint: what does “tri-“ mean? What do they have three of?) 1 pt
2) Play the animation (yellow box) of 3 fatty acids being attached to a glycerol backbone by
dehydration synthesis. 2pts
(a) What is the name of the functional group on the ends of fatty acids that
lose their “–OH” in order to bond to the glycerol?
(b) When making one triglyceride, how many molecules of water are formed?
3) (a) What is the (chemical/structural) difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
2pts
(b) Which one has double bonds between carbon atoms? 1 pt
4) Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides in structure with one important difference. Instead of
glycerol being attached to three fatty acids (as in triglycerides), in phospholipids there are ____ fatty
acids and one ____________ group. 2pts
Site 5: Phospholipids and the Cell Membrane
Link to answer questions (a) thru (d) below:
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/membranes01.htm
1) You will need your headphones or ear buds to listen to the narration of this animation. Play the
animation of phospholipids being immersed in water, and answer the following questions. 4 pts
(a) What does “amphipathic” mean?
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(b) Why do the fatty acid “tails” always point away from water?
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(c) Why do the phosphate “heads” touch the water?
(d) What is a “bilayer”?
Site 6: Cell Membranes http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm
1) Click through the animation of cell membrane structure. In addition to phospholipids, list three
other materials also found in the cell membrane? 3pts
Site 7: Steroids are lipids because they too are hydrophobic.
Cholesterol example
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cholesterol/cholesterol.htm
1) 3 pts View the “overview” button on this link. List three foods in which cholesterol is found.
2) 1 pt Click “Next”. SKETCH the diagram of a steroid here:
3) 4 pts Click “Next”. Besides its role in the cause of heart disease, list four vital roles of cholesterol
in the body.
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4) View the “Heart Injury” button on this page. Work through the links at the bottom to answer parts
(a) thru (d) below. 8 pts
(a) List two reasons why bad cholesterol (LDL) can elevate in a person.
(b) Hypercholesterolemia. Why can’t a person remove LDL from the blood when they are genetically
predisposed?
(c) Briefly describe how high LDL cholesterol can lead to heart injury.
(d) Name one drug that lowers blood cholesterol levels.
Site 8: Fats, Oils and Waxes are all lipids
https://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/monarch/NectarFall1.html
1) Read the story of the monarch butterfly, particularly “Gaining Weight for Winters' Fivemonth Fast”. Click on the graph and look at it closely. Why are lipids vital to the migration success
of the butterflies? 2pts
PROTEINS
Site 9: Protein Tutorial
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/natural-science/life-science/ap13304/biomolecules---theproteins
(1 point each answer)
1) Proteins make up ________ % to ________ % of cell mass.
2) Examples of proteins in an organism.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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3) Proteins are built from ________ common building blocks called ____________ __________.
4) The primary structure of protein is determined by the sequence of ____________ __________
connected by ___________________ bonds.
Site 10:
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/proteins.htm
1) Proteins are polymers of linked monomers called ___________ ___________. 1pt
2) Click on the “play” button (yellow box) to link the 2 amino acids in the diagram.
(a) What kind of a bond is formed? 1 pt
(b) What kind of chemical reaction creates this bond? 1 pt
3) List seven functions of proteins given on the page. 7pts
4) Proteins can be small or large. Larger proteins are folded into intricate shapes.
(a) List their four levels of structure. 4pts
(b) What level of folding determines the final shape of a molecule of hemoglobin? 1 pt
Site 11: Proteins are held in their intricately folded shape by hydrogen bonds. These bonds can be
disrupted when heated or treated with acids or salts. This is called “denaturation” and results in
proteins losing their form. Go to this link
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html and work your
way through the animation.
1) What food/protein is being denatured in thus example? 1 pt
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
Site 12:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/dna1.htm
1) DNA (and RNA) are both polymers (large molecules) made up of what smaller monomers (building
blocks)? 1 pt
2) Name the three parts of a nucleotide. 3pts
3) Where (in the cell) is DNA located? 1pt
4) Complete this statement: “DNA guides the cell (along with RNA) in making new _______________
that determine all of our biological traits.” 1 pt
5) What does “DNA” stand for (Google it if you have to)? 1pt
6) What are the names of the four different DNA bases? 4pts
7) DNA molecules are made of two connected strands of nucleotides that are twisted together like a
spiral staircase, called a ____________________ ____________________. 1 pt
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