* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Proteins perform most functions in the cell [1].
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Self-assembling peptide wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Ancestral sequence reconstruction wikipedia , lookup
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides wikipedia , lookup
Magnesium transporter wikipedia , lookup
Bottromycin wikipedia , lookup
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Peptide synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Protein folding wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Intrinsically disordered proteins wikipedia , lookup
Protein (nutrient) wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
GUIDED READING - Ch. 5 - Section 4 • NAME: __________________________________ Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. • Importantly, guided readings are NOT GROUP PROJECTS!!! You, and you alone, are to answer the questions as you read. You are not to share them with another students or work together on filling it out. Please report any dishonest behavior to your instructor to be dealt with accordingly. • • • Get in the habit of writing legibly, neatly, and in a NORMAL, MEDIUM-SIZED FONT. Please SCAN documents properly and upload them to Archie. Avoid taking photographs of or uploading dark, washed out, side ways, or upside down homework. Please use the scanner in the school’s media lab if one is not at your disposal and keep completed guides organized in your binder to use as study and review tools. READ FOR UNDERSTANDING and not merely to complete an assignment. Though all the answers are in your textbook, you should try to put answers in your own words, maintaining accuracy and the proper use of terminology, rather than blindly copying the textbook whenever possible. Proteins perform most functions in the cell [1]. 1. a. What is a protein? b. Why are they so important to living organisms? 2. List at least six examples of different ways proteins help the body function. a. b. c. d. e. f. 3. a. Though lipids are macromolecules, they are not considered polymers. However, like carbohydrates, proteins are considered polymers. What is the monomer of a protein polymer called? b. Describe the basic structure of an amino acid. c. Draw a generic amino acid. d. Animals such as humans use 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid differ from another in chemical properties? e. Using the same format as found in your text, research online, and then neatly draw and label the amino acids phenylalanine and threonine. f. Based on what you learned about water chemistry, how do you think these two amino acids drawn above differ in their interactions with water and why? Be specific and detailed in your explanation, brining in the vocabulary and concepts you studies in chapter 4. 4. a. What is a chain of amino acids called? b. What is the chemical reaction called that is used to covalently bond amino acids together? c. Based on the information in your text, explain with the use of a drawing the formation of a dipeptide (two amino acids bonded together) consisting of the amino acids leucine and serine (shown in your text). 5. If a chain of amino acids is actually a polypeptide and not a protein as was first mentioned in this section. Explain the relationship between amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins. [1] 6. What makes one polypeptide and, thereby, each protein unique? 7. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called the proteins primary structure. However, proteins are large three-dimensional macromolecules. What makes a protein functional? 8. Explain the two interactions that determine a polypeptide, and therefore protein’s, three-dimensional shape. a. b. 9. Amino acids are classified as hydrophobic or hydrophilic based on the properties of their side chains or R groups. Where are you most likely to find hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids in a properly folded protein. 10. a. What is it called when a protein looses its three-dimensional shape? b. What are three environmental variables that, if changed, can cause this to occur? i. ii. iii. c. Referring to your answer in 10.b. Why specifically does excess heat, for example, cause a protein to denature? d. What happens to a proteins ability to function when it denatures and why? [1] Campbell, Heyden, Williamson. 2006. Biology: Exploring Life. Prentice Hall: Boston, MA.