* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 1 The modern model of the atom is based on the work of (1) one
Survey
Document related concepts
Bremsstrahlung wikipedia , lookup
Marcus theory wikipedia , lookup
Isotopic labeling wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
Photoelectric effect wikipedia , lookup
Metastable inner-shell molecular state wikipedia , lookup
Degenerate matter wikipedia , lookup
Chemical bond wikipedia , lookup
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Heat transfer physics wikipedia , lookup
Auger electron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Electron scattering wikipedia , lookup
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name: Date: 1 The modern model of the atom is based on the work of (1) one scientist over a short period of time (2) one scientist over a long period of time (3) many scientists over a short period of time (4) many scientists over a long period of time 2 Which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton? (1) Both an electron and a proton are positive. (2) An electron is positive and a proton is negative. (3) An electron is negative and a proton is positive. (4) Both an electron and a proton are negative. 3 In the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is a region of space in an atom where there is (1) a high probability of finding an electron (2) a high probability of finding a neutron (3) a circular path in which electrons are found (4) a circular path in which neutrons are found 4 What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17? (1) 0 (2) ±2 (3) +8 (4) +17 5 In comparison to an atom of 199F in the ground state, an atom of 126C in the ground state has (1) three fewer neutrons (2) three fewer valence electrons (3) three more neutrons (4) three more valence electrons Base your answers to the following questions on the data table below, which shows three isotopes of neon. ,VRWRSH 20 Ne $WRPLF0DVV 3HUFHQW1DWXUDO DWRPLFPDVVXQLWV $EXQGDQFH 19.99 90.9% Base your answers to the following questions on the data table below, which shows three isotopes of neon. ,VRWRSH $WRPLF0DVV 3HUFHQW1DWXUDO DWRPLFPDVVXQLWV $EXQGDQFH 20 Ne 19.99 90.9% 21 Ne 20.99 0.3% 22 Ne 21.99 8.8% 6 In terms of atomic particles, state one difference between these three isotopes of neon. [1] ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Based on the atomic masses and the natural abundances shown in the data table, in the space provided below, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the average atomic mass of neon. [1] 8 Based on natural abundances, the average atomic mass of neon is closest to which whole number? [1] ___________________________________ 9 An atom in the ground state has seven valence electrons. This atom could be an atom of which element? FDOFLXPR[\JHQ IOXRULQHVRGLXP 10 What is the total number of electrons in an atom of potassium? 11 A proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of DQDOSKDSDUWLFOHDQHOHFWURQ DQHXWURQDSRVLWURQ 11 A proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of DQDOSKDSDUWLFOHDQHOHFWURQ DQHXWURQDSRVLWURQ 12 Which statement identifies the element arsenic? (1) Arsenic has an atomic number of 33. (2) Arsenic has a melting point of 84 K. (3) An atom of arsenic in the ground state has HLJKWYDOHQFHHOHFWURQV (4) An atom of arsenic in the ground state has a UDGLXVRISP 13 The wave-mechanical model of the atom is required to explain the (1) mass number and atomic number of an atom (2) organization of atoms in a crystal (3) radioactive nature of some atoms (4) spectra of elements with multielectron atoms 14 The diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom. What are the atomic number and mass number of this atom? (1) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 19. (2) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 20. (3) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 19. (4) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 20. Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 15 Which particle has a mass that is approximately the same as the mass of a proton? (1) an alpha particle (2) a beta particle (3) a neutron (4) a positron 16 According to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a (1) circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus (2) spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus (3) region of the most probable proton location 16 According to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a (1) circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus (2) spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus (3) region of the most probable proton location (4) region of the most probable electron location 17 Which statement describes the relative energy of the electrons in the shells of a calcium atom? (1) An electron in the first shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell. (2) An electron in the first shell has the same amount of energy as an electron in the second shell. (3) An electron in the third shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell. (4) An electron in the third shell has less energy than an electron in the second shell. 18 What can be determined if only the atomic number of an atom is known? (1) the total number of neutrons in the atom, only (2) the total number of protons in the atom, only (3) the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in the atom (4) the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in the atom 19 Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 20 The diagram below represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum produced by a mixture of two of these elements. Which two elements are in this mixture? (1) barium and hydrogen (2) barium and lithium (3) helium and hydrogen (4) helium and lithium 21 The table below gives information about the nucleus of each of four atoms. How many different elements are represented by the nuclei in the table? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 22 What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of germanium in the ground state? (1) 8 (2) 2 (3) 14 (4) 4 Directions: Record your answers in the space provided after each question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 23 Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the noble gas neon is an unreactive element. _________________________________________________________________ of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 23 Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the noble gas neon is an unreactive element. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 24 Which subatomic particle is negatively charged? (1) electron (2) neutron (3) positron (4) proton 25 What is the mass number of a carbon atom that contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons? (1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 14 (4) 20 26 An atom in the ground state has a stable valence electron configuration. This atom could be an atom of (1) Al (2) Cl (3) Na (4) Ne 27 An atom of an element has a total of 12 electrons. An ion of the same element has a total of 10 electrons. Which statement describes the charge and radius of the ion? (1) The ion is positively charged and its radius is smaller than the radius of the atom. (2) The ion is positively charged and its radius is larger than the radius of the atom. (3) The ion is negatively charged and its radius is smaller than the radius of the atom. (4) The ion is negatively charged and its radius is larger than the radius of the atom. Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 28 Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because a magnesium atom and a calcium atom have the same (1) atomic number (2) mass number (3) total number of electron shells (4) total number of valence electrons Base your answers to the following questions on the information below. 29 State, in terms of the number of subatomic particles, one similarity and one difference between the atoms of these isotopes of sulfur. Similarity: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Difference: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 30 In the space below, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of sulfur-33. 31 31 In the space below, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the atomic mass of sulfur. Base your answers to the following questions on the information below. In 1897, J. J. Thomson demonstrated in an experiment that cathode rays were deflected by an electric field. This suggested that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles found in all atoms. Thomson concluded that the atom was a positively charged sphere of almost uniform density in which negatively charged particles were embedded. The total negative charge in the atom was balanced by the positive charge, making the atom electrically neutral. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford bombarded a very thin sheet of gold foil with alpha particles. After interpreting the results of the gold foil experiment, Rutherford proposed a more sophisticated model of the atom. 32 State one conclusion from Rutherford's experiment that contradicts one conclusion made by Thomson. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 33 State one aspect of the modern model of the atom that agrees with a conclusion made by Thomson. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 34 In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons (1) equals the number of electrons (2) equals the number of neutrons (3) is less than the number of electrons 34 In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons (1) equals the number of electrons (2) equals the number of neutrons (3) is less than the number of electrons (4) is greater than the number of electrons 35 What information is necessary to determine the atomic mass of the element chlorine? (1) the atomic mass of each artificially produced isotope of chlorine, only (2) the relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine, only (3) the atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine (4) the atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring and artificially produced isotope of chlorine 36 An electron in a sodium atom moves from the third shell to the fourth shell. This change is a result of the atom (1) absorbing energy (2) releasing energy (3) gaining an electron (4) losing an electron Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 37 Given the bright-line spectra of three elements and the spectrum of a mixture formed from at least two of these elements: Which elements are present in this mixture? (1) E and D, only (2) E and G, only (3) D and G, only (4) D, E, and G Which elements are present in this mixture? (1) E and D, only (2) E and G, only (3) D and G, only (4) D, E, and G Directions: Record your answers to the following questions in the spaces provided after each question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 38 Describe the electrons in an atom of carbon in the ground state. Your response must include: the charge of an electron [1] the location of electrons based on the wave-mechanical model [1] the total number of electrons in a carbon atom [1] __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 39 Which two particles have opposite charges? (1) an electron and a neutron (2) an electron and a proton (3) a proton and a neutron (4) a proton and a positron 40 Which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited? (1) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell. (2) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell. (3) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell. (4) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell. 41 Which element has an atom in the ground state with a total of three valence electrons? (1) aluminum (2) lithium (3) phosphorus (4) scandium 42 Which element has an atom in the ground state with a total of three valence electrons? (1) aluminum (2) lithium (3) phosphorus (4) scandium 42 Which symbol represents an atom in the ground state with the most stable valence electron configuration? (1) B (2) O (3) Li (4) Ne Directions: For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 43 Each diagram below represents the nucleus of a different atom. Which diagrams represent nuclei of the same element? (1) D and E, only (2) D, E, and Q (3) Q and R, only (4) Q, R, and E Base your answers to the following questions on the information below. The nucleus of one boron atom has five protons and four neutrons. 44 Determine the total number of electrons in the boron atom. ______________ 45 Determine the total charge of the boron nucleus. ___________ 45 Determine the total charge of the boron nucleus. ___________ Base your answers to the following questions on the information below. 46 Determine both the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in an atom of the naturally occurring carbon isotope with the largest mass number. Protons: ___________ Neutrons: ___________