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Form A (Master Copy) Unit 3 Pretest: Heredity and Genetics Unit 3 Pretest: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy) Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Many characteristics are affected by interactions between genes and A. chromosomes. B. the environment. 5. Selena's cat has three kittens. Look at the ictures below of the father cat and the mother cat. C. alleles. D. carriers. 2. Single-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different cells. When they do this, they use a type of A. asexual reproduction B. gamete formation C. natural selection Which set of kittens probably belongs with the father cat and the mother cat? A. D. sexual reproduction 3. What is probability? A. The actual results from a series of events. B. A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. B. The way the results of one event affect the next C. event. D. The number of times a coin lands heads up. 4. Spirogyra are green algae that can reproduce sexually. Which of the following feature identifies reproduction in Spirogyra as sexual reproduction? A. The cells of parent algae have nuclei. B. Each offspring contains chloroplasts. C. Several offspring may be produced at once. D. Genetic material is contributed by two parent cells. C. D. Go on to the next page » DataDirector Assessment ID: 18718 Page 1 of 4 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved. Unit 3 Pretest: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy) 6. 9. A carrier is a person who has A. One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait. B. Two recessive alleles for a trait. C. Two dominant alleles for a trait. D. More that two alleles for a trait. 10. Gregor Mendel demonstrated that traits are determined by A. Individual seperate alleles inherited by each parent. B. A blend of both parent's characteristics. C. Alleles inherited by one parent. The picture above shows a bacteria colony under a microscope. How do these bacteria normally reproduce? A. asexually, by dividing single bacteria cells into two cells. B. asexually, by breaking off of larger multi-celled bacterium. sexually, by mating with other bacteria like C. themselves. D. 7. D. Characteristics from one parent. 11. A. the x chromosome only. B. the y chromosome only. C. the x and y chromosomes. D. All 23 pairs of chromosomes. 12. sexually, by mating with other bacteria different from themselves. Cloning results in two organisms that are A. both adult mammals. B. produced from cuttings. What are multiple alleles? C. genetically similar. A. More than two genes that control a trait. D. genetically identical. B. Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait. 13. Three of more chromosomes that determine a C. trait. D. 8. Sex-linked genes are genes on B. natural selection codominant B. tall D. heterozygous Farmers who grow corn plants want the plants that produce the most ears of corn and are more resistant to insects and disease. What process would a farmer use to produce corn plants with these desired traits? crop rotation A. C. homozygous More that two codominant genes in a chromosome. A. An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is 14. What is a pedigree? A. A chart that tracks which memebers of a family have a particular trait. B. A geneticist who studies the inheritance of traits in humans. C. A picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell. C. selective breeding D. D. asexual reproduction An allele passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome. Go on to the next page » DataDirector Assessment ID: 18718 Page 2 of 4 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved. Unit 3 Pretest: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy) 15. 16. 17. What happens during meiosis? 20. A. Two sex cells combine. B. Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells. C. Each sex cell copies iteself to form four new chromosomes. D. Chromosome pairs remain together when new sex cells are formed. To identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome. B. To clone every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA. When a cell of a plant stem divides, each new cell has A. half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. B. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. C. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. D. four times the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. D. To inbreed the best genes on every chromosome in human DNA. 21. Which best describes a bird laying eggs? A. breathing B. reproducing The graph above shows the survival rate for several different varities of corn during a sever July drought. One type of corn was bred selectively over many years to thrive in dry climates. Which typ fo corn was MOST LIKELY selectively bred? D. excreting waste A. Heaven's Silk What is a mutation? B. Silver Queen A. Any change that is harmful to an organism. C. Smucker's Gold B. Any change in a gene or chromosome. D. Summer Leaf C. Any change that is helpful to an organism. 22. D. Any change in the phenotype of a cell. 19. A. C. To cure genetic diseases. C. digesting food 18. What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Suppose a purple-flowered plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another purple-flowered plant with the same Pp genotype. What percentage of offspring will also have purple flowers? A. 25% B. 50% At the end of the summer, Kate and her family collected seeds from all of their outdoor flowers. The following spring, they planted the seeds. • Compare the new garden with the old garden. • Explain how the seeds relate to the original plants they were collected from. • What would the garden look like if Kate did this same thing each year? Explain. Enter your answer in the space provided. Use words, numbers, and/or pictures to show your work. C. 75% D. 100% Go on to the next page » DataDirector Assessment ID: 18718 Page 3 of 4 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved. Unit 3 Pretest: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy) 23. About 5,000 years ago, farmers in Afghanistan domesticated the white or pale yellow wild carrot. These domesticated carrots, chosen for their color and flavor, were purple, pink, or yellow. By the 17th century, the yellow carrot had become the now familiar orange carrot. More recently, a university research team in Texas is studying and modifying the carrot to create carrots with even more flavor, vitamins, and minerals. Part A Explain how young carrots obtain the information to develop traits such as color and flavor. Part B Explain why offspring from the same parents can appear different. Part C Explain how the orange carrot likely originated from the yellow carrot. Part D Explain how the Afghanistan farmers and the university researchers grew carrots with desired traits. Stop! You Go have onfinished to the next thispage exam. » DataDirector Assessment ID: 18718 Page 4 of 4 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.