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Biology Assessments page 1 of 15 Biology (Biochemistry) Academic Standard: TLW explain the structure and function of biological macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which contain many bonds that store energy. A. TLW demonstrate an understanding of the terminology of biochemistry. Directions: Define the following terms and provide one example for each. 1. organic compound ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. monomer __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. polymer ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. monosaccharide, polysaccharide ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. nucleotide, nucleic acid _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. catalyst, enzyme _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 80% (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 2 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) B. TLW identify the composition, structure, and function of organic molecules. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank provided. _______1. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are ________________________ . A B C D monosaccharides polysaccharides disaccharides simple sugars _______2. Which of following is not consider an essential element of life? A B C D nitrogen iron phosphorus hydrogen _______3. The different functions of protein are determined by____________________ . A B C D the R groups the amino acids they contain the carboxyl groups whether or not the contain any amino acids _______4. Most enzymes_____________________ . A B C D are changed by the reactions they catalyze increase the activation energy strengthen the chemical bonds are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH _______5. The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids______________ . A make lipids polar B store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic compounds C allow lipids to dissolve in water D are the main source of energy in living organisms _______6. Enzymes ____________________ . A increase the amount of energy released in a reaction B decrease the amount of energy released in a reaction C are made of complex lipids D reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 3 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) _______7. Every chemical reaction involves a _____________________. A change in the state of matter in the reactants B net release of free energy C transfer of energy from one form to another D transfer of electrons between atoms _______8. Organic compounds contain ______________________. A carbon and usually other elements B only carbon C many kinds of elements except carbon D only carbon and hydrogen _______9. The breakdown of polymers involves ______________________. A hydrolysis B a condensation reaction C the breaking of hydrogen bonds D the breaking of ionic bonds _______10. ATP releases energy when ______________________. A it undergoes a dehydration reaction B a hydroxyl group is added to it C a phosphate group is removed D a phosphate group is added _______11.“Double sugar” is the meaning of _______________. A B C D Polysaccharide Monosaccharide Disaccharide Saccharides _______12. The four major macromolecules are _______________. A Proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, steroids B Amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, fats C Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates D Steroids, nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids _______13. A common name for lipids is _____________. A Monosaccharide B Carbohydrates C Fats D Amino acids (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 4 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) _______14. _______________ are three elements found in all four macromolecules. A C, H, N B N, C, O C H, C, P D O, H, C _______15. When monomers link together to form polymers, _______________ is released. A Energy B Water C Oxygen D Heat _______16. Fatty-acid chains that have the maximum number of hydrogens are called ______. A B C D Hydrophobic Unsaturated Hydrophilic Saturated _______17. Which of the following macromolecules do we find embedded in the cell membrane? A Proteins B Fats C Pumps D Nucleic Acids _______18 ._______________ is stored sugar. A Glycerol B Glycogen C Glucose D Galactose _______19. The main function of carbohydrates is _______________. A Energy for cell function B Move substances in and out of the cell C Storing energy D Help with cell structure _______20. Monosaccharide literally means _______________. A One sugar B Two sugars C One carbohydrate D Two carbohydrate (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 5 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) _______21. The main function of lipids is to_______________. A Provide energy for cell function B Move substances in and out of the cell C Store energy D Help with cell structure _______22. The 4 elements that make up proteins are _______________. A C, N, P, O B N, H, C, O C P, C, S, O D C, H, N, S _______23. Sucrose is an example of a _______________. A Fat B Monosaccharide C Disaccharide D Nucleic acid _______24. Each of the following are examples of protein in the world around you EXCEPT _______________. A Muscles B Hair C Fat D Nails _______25. Which of the following is a list of lipids? A Cholesterol, monosaccharide, estrogen B Estrogen, saturated fat, glycogen C Unsaturated fat, cholesterol, DNA D Oils, cholesterol, estrogen _______26. _______________ is the common name for carbohydrates. A Sugar B Fats C Steroids D Amino acid _______27. Proteins are made of _______________. A Fats B Nucleotides C Amino Acids D Carbons (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 6 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) _______28. Estrogen is an example of a _______________. A Lipid B Carbohydrate C Nucleic Acid D Protein _______29. DNA and RNA are examples of _______________. A Amino Acids B Lipids C Nucleic Acids D Carbohydrates _______30. _______________ is the main function of nucleic acids. A Helping with membrane structure B Cell memory C Storing genetic information D Energy storage Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 80% (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 7 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) C. TLW identify the composition, structure, and function of organic molecules Directions: Answer the following questions completely. 1. Name the parts of an amino acid. What part(s) are the same for all amino acids? What part(s) change? (7 points) 2. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid. What do nucleic acids make when linked together? (4 points) 3. Explain the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? (2 points) Criteria: Correct answers Proficiency: 12 out of 15 (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 8 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) D. TLW identify reactants and products and explain chemical reactions. Directions: Answer the questions in the provided space. 1. In the chemical reaction shown below, write R over the reactants and P over the products. C12 H22 O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 2. What role do catalysts play in chemical reactions? _________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What does a two-direction arrow indicate in a chemical equation? ______________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 80% (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 9 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) E. TLW describe biochemistry structures and processes. Directions: Biochemistry has a language of its own, one that relates to the special molecules that make the living world. Write the correct word for the definition in the proper space. 1. specific enzyme for a specific molecule __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 2. a compound that releases hydrogen __ __ __ __ ions in water 3. compound that releases hydroxide ions in water __ __ __ __ 4. a doubled-sugar molecule __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5. reaction in which water is released __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6. made of amino acids __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 7. substance that causes a reaction, but __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ does not take part in the reaction __________________________________________________________________________ Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 80% (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 10 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) F. TLW define biochemistry terms. Directions: For each of the following words, provide the proper definition in the space provided. 1. element 2. covalent bond 3. carbohydrate 4. nucleotide 5. fatty acid 6. macromolecule Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 5 out of 6 (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 11 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) G. TLW analyze the effect of enzymes on chemical reactions. Directions: Examine the graphs below that show the effects of the temperature and pressure on chemical reactions. Then answer the following questions. A B 30°C Reaction Reaction Pressure Level 2 10°C Pressure Level 1 Time Time C Reaction 30°C + Pressure Level 2 10°C + Pressure Level 1 Time 1. In graph A, how does an increase of pressure from level 1 to level 2 change the speed of the reaction? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. In graph B, how does an increase of 20˚C affect the speed of the chemical reaction? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. In graph C, how does the an increase in both temperature and pressure affect the speed of the reaction? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 100% © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 12 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) H. TLW identify the structure of given amino acids. Directions: Amino acids are composed of an amine portion, -NH2, and an acid portion, -COOH. Examine the structural formulas of the 5 amino acids below. In the space below, identify and draw the portion of the amino acids that is similar in all. Glycine Valine Alanine Isolaucine Leucine Explain why the portions that are different are important for cell functioning. Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 100% (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 13 of 15 Biochemistry (continued) I. TLW identify the structure of given carbohydrates. Directions: Examine the structural formulas of the three carbohydrates below. For each, write a molecular formula on the line below. Then answer the following questions. Glucose Fructose Galactose Molecular Formulas: 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. _______________________ 4. How do the molecular formulas compare to one another? __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. How are the structural formulas different? ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain the fact that each of these molecules reacts differently during metabolism. _____________________________________________________________________________ Criteria: Accurate responses Proficiency: 5 out of 6 KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 14 of 15 Biology: Biochemistry (Answer Key) A. 1. 2. 3. 4. organic compound – produced by a living organism and contains carbon monomer – can form chemical bonds polymer – a chain of monomers monosaccharide – a single molecule of sugar polysaccharide – molecules of sugar 5. nucleotide – the backbone of the DNA made of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a nitrogen base nucleic acid – either DNA or RNA 6. catalyst – causes a reaction, but does not take part in the reaction; an enzyme (protein) will speed up the reaction rate B. 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. C B C D B D B C A C 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. C B C C D A C B C C C. 1. Amine (NH2) and acid portion (COOH) are the same. The acid portion changes. 2. A. Sugar, phosphoric acid, purine B. Proteins 3. Unsaturated fats are liquid. They can still take on additional atoms or groups. Saturated fats are solid. They can not take on additional atoms or groups. D. R R P P C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 2. Catalysts affect the rate of the chemical reaction without taking part in the reaction. 3. The reaction is reversible. (Continued on next page) KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD Biology Assessments page 15 of 15 Biology: Biochemistry (Answer Key continued) E. 1. Substrate 2. Acid 3. Base 4. Disaccharide 5. Hydrolysis 6. Protein 7. Catalyst F. 1. 2. 3. 4. element- simplest/smallest unit of matter which retains the properties of the matter covalent bond/the sharing of electrons carbohydrate form of protoplasm which contains sugar nucleotide – one of five components of DNA or RNA, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil; constructed of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base 5. fatty acid - an example of a lipid 6. macromolecule – a very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together. Also called supermolecule. G. 1. Graph A. The increase in pressure increases the speed of the reaction. 2. Graph B. The increase in temperature increases the speed of the reaction. 3. Graph C. When temperature and pressure increase, the speed of the reaction increases more than with just temperature or pressure alone. H. Amino Acids 1. The portion shown should be drawn in the structural formula of each amino acid. 2. The portions that are different change the the compounds into different amino acids that have different functions. I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 All three have the same molecular formula. The structural formulas are different because the atoms are arranged in different order within the molecule. 6. Biochemical reactions in the body are affected by the shape of the molecule and the position of the atoms within the molecule. These molecules have a different arrangement of atoms and thus behave differently. KC 4 Science © 2008 Kent ISD