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Biology Assessments
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Biology
(Biochemistry)
Academic Standard: TLW explain the structure and function of biological
macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids, which contain many bonds that store energy.
A. TLW demonstrate an understanding of the terminology of biochemistry.
Directions: Define the following terms and provide one example for each.
1. organic compound ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. monomer __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. polymer ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. monosaccharide, polysaccharide ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. nucleotide, nucleic acid _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. catalyst, enzyme _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 80%
(Continued on next page)
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© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
B. TLW identify the composition, structure, and function of organic molecules.
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank provided.
_______1. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are ________________________ .
A
B
C
D
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
disaccharides
simple sugars
_______2. Which of following is not consider an essential element of life?
A
B
C
D
nitrogen
iron
phosphorus
hydrogen
_______3. The different functions of protein are determined by____________________ .
A
B
C
D
the R groups
the amino acids they contain
the carboxyl groups
whether or not the contain any amino acids
_______4. Most enzymes_____________________ .
A
B
C
D
are changed by the reactions they catalyze
increase the activation energy
strengthen the chemical bonds
are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH
_______5. The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids______________ .
A make lipids polar
B store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic compounds
C allow lipids to dissolve in water
D are the main source of energy in living organisms
_______6. Enzymes ____________________ .
A increase the amount of energy released in a reaction
B decrease the amount of energy released in a reaction
C are made of complex lipids
D reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction
(Continued on next page)
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Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
_______7. Every chemical reaction involves a _____________________.
A change in the state of matter in the reactants
B net release of free energy
C transfer of energy from one form to another
D transfer of electrons between atoms
_______8. Organic compounds contain ______________________.
A carbon and usually other elements
B only carbon
C many kinds of elements except carbon
D only carbon and hydrogen
_______9. The breakdown of polymers involves ______________________.
A hydrolysis
B a condensation reaction
C the breaking of hydrogen bonds
D the breaking of ionic bonds
_______10. ATP releases energy when ______________________.
A it undergoes a dehydration reaction
B a hydroxyl group is added to it
C a phosphate group is removed
D a phosphate group is added
_______11.“Double sugar” is the meaning of _______________.
A
B
C
D
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Saccharides
_______12. The four major macromolecules are _______________.
A Proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, steroids
B Amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, fats
C Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
D Steroids, nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids
_______13. A common name for lipids is _____________.
A Monosaccharide
B Carbohydrates
C Fats
D Amino acids
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
_______14. _______________ are three elements found in all four macromolecules.
A C, H, N
B N, C, O
C H, C, P
D O, H, C
_______15. When monomers link together to form polymers, _______________ is released.
A Energy
B Water
C Oxygen
D Heat
_______16. Fatty-acid chains that have the maximum number of hydrogens are called ______.
A
B
C
D
Hydrophobic
Unsaturated
Hydrophilic
Saturated
_______17. Which of the following macromolecules do we find embedded in the cell membrane?
A Proteins
B Fats
C Pumps
D Nucleic Acids
_______18
._______________ is stored sugar.
A Glycerol
B Glycogen
C Glucose
D Galactose
_______19. The main function of carbohydrates is _______________.
A Energy for cell function
B Move substances in and out of the cell
C Storing energy
D Help with cell structure
_______20. Monosaccharide literally means _______________.
A One sugar
B Two sugars
C One carbohydrate
D Two carbohydrate
(Continued on next page)
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Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
_______21. The main function of lipids is to_______________.
A Provide energy for cell function
B Move substances in and out of the cell
C Store energy
D Help with cell structure
_______22. The 4 elements that make up proteins are _______________.
A C, N, P, O
B N, H, C, O
C P, C, S, O
D C, H, N, S
_______23. Sucrose is an example of a _______________.
A Fat
B Monosaccharide
C Disaccharide
D Nucleic acid
_______24. Each of the following are examples of protein in the world around you EXCEPT
_______________.
A Muscles
B Hair
C Fat
D Nails
_______25. Which of the following is a list of lipids?
A Cholesterol, monosaccharide, estrogen
B Estrogen, saturated fat, glycogen
C Unsaturated fat, cholesterol, DNA
D Oils, cholesterol, estrogen
_______26. _______________ is the common name for carbohydrates.
A Sugar
B Fats
C Steroids
D Amino acid
_______27. Proteins are made of _______________.
A Fats
B Nucleotides
C Amino Acids
D Carbons
(Continued on next page)
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Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
_______28. Estrogen is an example of a _______________.
A Lipid
B Carbohydrate
C Nucleic Acid
D Protein
_______29. DNA and RNA are examples of _______________.
A Amino Acids
B Lipids
C Nucleic Acids
D Carbohydrates
_______30. _______________ is the main function of nucleic acids.
A Helping with membrane structure
B Cell memory
C Storing genetic information
D Energy storage
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 80%
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
C. TLW identify the composition, structure, and function of organic molecules
Directions:
Answer the following questions completely.
1. Name the parts of an amino acid. What part(s) are the same for all amino acids? What
part(s) change? (7 points)
2. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid. What do nucleic acids make when linked together? (4
points)
3. Explain the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? (2 points)
Criteria:
Correct answers
Proficiency: 12 out of 15
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
D. TLW identify reactants and products and explain chemical reactions.
Directions:
Answer the questions in the provided space.
1. In the chemical reaction shown below, write R over the reactants and P over the products.
C12 H22 O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
2. What role do catalysts play in chemical reactions? _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. What does a two-direction arrow indicate in a chemical equation? ______________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 80%
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
E. TLW describe biochemistry structures and processes.
Directions: Biochemistry has a language of its own, one that relates to the special molecules
that make the living world. Write the correct word for the definition in the proper
space.
1. specific enzyme for a specific
molecule
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2. a compound that releases hydrogen __ __ __ __
ions in water
3. compound that releases hydroxide
ions in water
__ __ __ __
4. a doubled-sugar molecule
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
5. reaction in which water is released
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6. made of amino acids
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
7. substance that causes a reaction, but __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
does not take part in the reaction
__________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 80%
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
F. TLW define biochemistry terms.
Directions: For each of the following words, provide the proper definition in the space provided.
1. element
2. covalent bond
3. carbohydrate
4. nucleotide
5. fatty acid
6. macromolecule
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 5 out of 6
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
page 11 of 15
Biochemistry (continued)
G. TLW analyze the effect of enzymes on chemical reactions.
Directions: Examine the graphs below that show the effects of the temperature and pressure on
chemical reactions. Then answer the following questions.
A
B
30°C
Reaction
Reaction
Pressure Level 2
10°C
Pressure Level 1
Time
Time
C
Reaction
30°C + Pressure Level 2
10°C + Pressure Level 1
Time
1. In graph A, how does an increase of pressure from level 1 to level 2 change the speed of the
reaction? ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. In graph B, how does an increase of 20˚C affect the speed of the chemical reaction?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. In graph C, how does the an increase in both temperature and pressure affect the speed of the
reaction? ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 100%
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
page 12 of 15
Biochemistry (continued)
H. TLW identify the structure of given amino acids.
Directions: Amino acids are composed of an amine portion, -NH2, and an acid portion, -COOH.
Examine the structural formulas of the 5 amino acids below. In the space below,
identify and draw the portion of the amino acids that is similar in all.
Glycine
Valine
Alanine
Isolaucine
Leucine
Explain why the portions that are different are important for cell functioning.
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 100%
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
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Biochemistry (continued)
I. TLW identify the structure of given carbohydrates.
Directions: Examine the structural formulas of the three carbohydrates below. For each, write
a molecular formula on the line below. Then answer the following questions.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Molecular Formulas:
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. _______________________
4. How do the molecular formulas compare to one another? __________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. How are the structural formulas different? ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain the fact that each of these molecules reacts differently during metabolism.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Accurate responses
Proficiency: 5 out of 6
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD
Biology Assessments
page 14 of 15
Biology: Biochemistry
(Answer Key)
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
organic compound – produced by a living organism and contains carbon
monomer – can form chemical bonds
polymer – a chain of monomers
monosaccharide – a single molecule of sugar
polysaccharide – molecules of sugar
5. nucleotide – the backbone of the DNA made of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a
nitrogen base
nucleic acid – either DNA or RNA
6. catalyst – causes a reaction, but does not take part in the reaction; an enzyme (protein) will
speed up the reaction rate
B.
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. C
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
B
C
D
B
D
B
C
A
C
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
C
B
C
C
D
A
C
B
C
C
C.
1. Amine (NH2) and acid portion (COOH) are the same. The acid portion changes.
2. A. Sugar, phosphoric acid, purine
B. Proteins
3. Unsaturated fats are liquid. They can still take on additional atoms or groups.
Saturated fats are solid. They can not take on additional atoms or groups.
D.
R
R
P
P
C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
2. Catalysts affect the rate of the chemical reaction without taking part in the reaction.
3. The reaction is reversible.
(Continued on next page)
KC 4 Science
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Biology Assessments
page 15 of 15
Biology: Biochemistry
(Answer Key continued)
E.
1. Substrate
2. Acid
3. Base
4. Disaccharide
5. Hydrolysis
6. Protein
7. Catalyst
F.
1.
2.
3.
4.
element- simplest/smallest unit of matter which retains the properties of the matter
covalent bond/the sharing of electrons
carbohydrate form of protoplasm which contains sugar
nucleotide – one of five components of DNA or RNA, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or
uracil; constructed of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base
5. fatty acid - an example of a lipid
6. macromolecule – a very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller
structural units linked together. Also called supermolecule.
G.
1. Graph A. The increase in pressure increases the speed of the reaction.
2. Graph B. The increase in temperature increases the speed of the reaction.
3. Graph C. When temperature and pressure increase, the speed of the reaction increases more than
with just temperature or pressure alone.
H. Amino Acids
1. The portion shown should be drawn in the structural formula of each amino acid.
2. The portions that are different change the the compounds into different amino
acids that have different functions.
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
All three have the same molecular formula.
The structural formulas are different because the atoms are arranged in different order within the
molecule.
6. Biochemical reactions in the body are affected by the shape of the molecule and the position of
the atoms within the molecule. These molecules have a different arrangement of atoms and thus
behave differently.
KC 4 Science
© 2008 Kent ISD