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Download FHN - Chemical and Physical Changes
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Physical Property A property that can be observed without changing the composition of a substance Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting and Boiling Points Density Chemical Property A change that can only be observed when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances Flammability Reactivity Physical Change A physical change is when the properties of the material change, but the substances in the material stay the same. Change in state Solid melting to a liquid Liquid evaporating to a gas Gas condensing to a liquid Liquid freezing into a solid Usually occur with a change in temperature Can also be when a substance dissolves in a liquid, but does not change its chemical make-up. When sugar dissolves in water, the sugar is still sugar, just surrounded by water particles. Can also be a change in shape. These changes can usually be easily undone. Filtration A physical change Separating one substance from another. Uses the difference in the size of the substance Distillation Separates substances based on differences in the physical properties of two of more substances. Chemical Change A change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances. A substance changes chemically. New products are formed A nail rust in the outdoors Food is burned on a stove top Acid is mixed with a base to neutralize the two. Usually cannot be easily undone. Identified by changes in color, formation of gas or precipitate. Physical v. Chemical Changes Physical changes are: _____________________ Examples: 1. 2. 3. Chemical Changes are: _________________ Examples: 1. 2. 3. Whiteboarding Salt is mixed with water Physical Coal is burned Chemical A Sweet Tart is crush into powder Physical A copper roof turns green Chemical Alka-Seltzer is mixed with water. Chemical Bread grows mold Chemical A bicycle chain breaks Physical A bicycle chain rust Chemical States of Matter Solid Definite volume, definite shape Liquid Definite volume, indefinite shape Gas Indefinite volume, indefinite shape Systems Open System System may exchange mass and molecules with the surroundings Closed System System is cut-off from surroundings, no mass or molecules can enter or exit. Conservation of Mass Not matter what happens in a chemical or physical change in a closed system, the amount of mass that exist before the change must be exactly the same after the change has happened. 15 grams of water is evaporated, how much water vapor is produced?