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ATPase
BY: ANDREA K.
http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v8/n11/images/nrm2
272-f1.jpg
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/11/1604/F1.large.jpg
Proteins
 Constructed: One or more
unbranched chains of amino acids
in a precise sequence that allow it
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to fold up into its particular shape
 Synthesis: accomplished through a
process called translation. After
DNA is transcribed into a
messenger RNA molecule during
transcription, the mRNA must be
translated to produce a protein.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Peptide_syn.png
 Every function in a living cell
depends on proteins
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26911/
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Proteins.html
Enzymes
 Function as catalysts in which speed up




chemical reactions
Major types in the human body: Digestive,
Metabolic, and food enzymes
The active site has a specific shape that fits
with certain substrates or reactants.
Function to alter the chemical bonds in the
substrates, causing the form of a new bond,
which creates a new molecule.
After the enzymes function to create
products, they return to their original
shapes.
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab
/Inducedfit080.png/350px-Inducedfit080.png
http://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-enzymes-function.htm#didyouknowout
ATP
 ATP  Adenosine Triphosphate
 High-energy molecule that drives
cellular reactions
 Considered the energy currency
of life; the most commonly used
"energy source" of cells for most
organisms.
 It is present in the cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm of every
 All physiological mechanisms
that require energy for operation
obtain it directly from stored ATP
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http://keepinapbiologyreal.wikispaces.com/file/view/atp.jpg/199338498/atp.jpg
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
ATPase
 It is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of ATP to
ADP, with a free phosphate ion
 Function: Imports the metabolites necessary for cell
metabolism and releases toxins, wastes, and solutes that can
hinder cellular processes.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistrygeneral-organic-andbiological/section_23/7129ad4acf8ba59772ab4d1faac5783f.jpg
ATPase Structure
Blue, Pink, and Tan->
represent the subunits
also the polypeptide
chains
The twirled strands ->
represent alpha
helices
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?uid=114002
ATPase #2
 History: Discovered by Jens Christian Skou
in 1957
 ATPase is found in eubacterial,
archaebacterial, and eukaryotic species
 In a large number of cellular processes, such
as protein degradation, vesicle fusion, cell
cycle control, and cellular secretory processes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/che
mistry/laureates/1997/skou.jpg
ATPase #3
 Used for: Imports the metabolites
necessary for cell metabolism and
releases toxins, wastes, and solutes that
can hinder cellular processes. Mainly
eukaryotic purposes. BUT, other
categories of transmembrane ATPase
include co-transporters and pumps.
Some cause a net flow of charge, but
others do not. These are called
"electrogenic" and "nonelectrogenic"
transporters.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATPase
http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A007b.htm
Reaction it catalyzes
 It is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of ATP to ADP, with a
free phosphate ion
http://highered.mcg
rawhill.com/sites/0072
495855/student_vie
w0/chapter10/anim
ation__breakdown_
of_atp_and_crossbridge_movement_
during_muscle_cont
raction.html
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/digestion-chemistry/scimedia/images/unlocking-atp-energy/489218-1-eng-NZ/Unlocking-ATP-energy.jpg
Video of ATP -> ADP
 https://www.inkling.com/read/marks-medical-biochemistry-
lieberman-marks-4th/chapter-19/figure-19-4
Environmental Factors
 Increase or decrease in pH
 Presence of inhibitors
 Temperature increase or decrease
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/165/1001/497.abstract
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/
Video and Quiz!
 http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__br
eakdown_of_atp_and_crossbridge_movement_during_muscle_contraction.html