Download Chemical Reaction

7F Simple chemical reactions
7F
Simple chemical
reactions
Chemical change
Reactions with acid
Reactions with oxygen
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7F Simple chemical reactions
Chemical change
© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college
Next Generation Science
Standard(s):
• MS-PS1-2. Analyze and interpret data on the
properties of substances before and after the
substances interact to determine if a chemical
reaction has occurred.
• MS-PS1-5. Develop and use a model to
describe how the total number of atoms does
not change in a chemical reaction and thus
mass is conserved.
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Objectives:
Content Objective(s)
• Differentiate between
chemical change and
physical change.
• Identify evidences of a
chemical change.
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Language Objective(s)
•
•
Define the types of chemical reactions
and substances that affect chemical
reaction.
Differentiate between chemical and
physical change and give one example
using the following sentence frame:
“The difference between physical and
chemical change is ________________.
One example of a physical change is
_______________. I know this is a
physical change
because_____________. One example
of a chemical change is
________________. I know this is a
chemical change because ___________.
Vocabulary:
• Synthesis: is a reaction in which two or more substances
combine to form one new compound. (synonyms: mixture,
fuse, blend)
• Decomposition: is a reaction in which a single compound
breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.
(synonyms: corrode, decay, breakdown)
• Single Displacement: Sometimes, an element replaces
another element that is a part of a compound. This type of
reaction is called a single-displacement reaction. (synonyms:
move, shift, rearrange)
• Double Displacement: A double-displacement reaction is a
reaction in which ions from two compounds exchange places.
(synonyms: move, shift, rearrange)
• Chemical Reaction: when two or more molecules interact
and the molecules change or forms a new substance.
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Vocabulary:
• Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of chemical
reaction.
• Inhibitor: a substance that decreases the rate of chemical
reaction.
• Law of Conservation of mass: states that during a chemical
reaction or a physical change, mass is not created or
destroyed but transformed into a new substance.
• Endothermic reaction: a reaction where energy in the form
of heat is absorbed.
• Exothermic reaction: a reaction where energy in the form of
heat is released.
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7F Chemical change – Changing materials
Materials can be changed in different ways.
A physical change means a material changes size,
shape or state of matter.
e.g. Ice melts at room temperature.
A physical change can be easy to reverse.
What is the reverse of ice melting?
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7F Chemical change – Changing materials
A chemical change to a material results in a completely
new material being made.
e.g. A bicycle left outside has become rusty.
A chemical change is very difficult to reverse.
Could you change the rusty bicycle back into a
non-rusty one?
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Physical and Chemical Changes
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Physical Change and Chemical
Change
Behind physical change:
• Changing the form of a
substance or the appearance
of a substance.
• The physical change does
not change the material into
a new substance.
• Examples: cutting or tearing
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Behind chemical change
• When two or more
substances combine to form
a new substance with new
properties.
• Examples: wood burning,
rusting, baking a cake
Physical Change vs. Chemical
Change
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Insert these cards into the correct
pockets.
Physical
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
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Continuation
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
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Physical
Chemical
Chemical
7F Chemical change – Physical or chemical?
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Types of Chemical Reaction
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Copy behind proper Chemical
Reaction
• Synthesis: Two or more simple substances
combine to form a more complex substance.
• Decomposition: A complex substance breaks
down into simpler substances.
• Single Displacement: One element trades
places with another element in a compound.
• Double Displacement: Two elements trade
places with each other in two different
compounds.
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Endothermic vs. Exothermic
Reaction
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Exothermic vs. Endothermic
Reaction
Copy this behind
Endothermic
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
System gains energy
Surroundings lose energy
Surroundings feel cooler
Ex. Melting, evaporation
Endo ”into”
Ex. Breaking chemical bonds
If you place a thermometer in a
beaker filled with a solution
undergoing an endothermic
reaction, the temp will go down.
• Ex. Baking soda and vinegar
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Copy this behind Exothermic
• System loses energy
• Surroundings gain energy
• Surroundings feel warmer
• Ex. Freezing, condensation
• Exo  “exit/out of”
• Ex. Sweating
7F Chemical change – What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
A chemical reaction can be shown by a word equation:
reactants
The starting materials that
react with each other are
called the reactants.
products
The new materials
produced by the reaction
are called the products.
What does the arrow in the word equation mean?
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Chemical Reaction Formula
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Chemical Reaction Formula
MUST COPY!
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Reactant
The starting
materials before
a chemical
reaction occurs.
Arrow
The arrow
represents the
chemical reaction
or chemical
change
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Product
The product are the
elements or
compounds that exist
after the chemical
reaction.
7F Chemical change – Formation of water
The word equation for the formation of water is:
hydrogen + oxygen
water
Name the reactants and the product of this reaction.
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Signs of chemical change
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Evidence of Chemical Reaction
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7F Chemical change – Test your reactions!
1. In a chemical reaction, the properties of the reactants
and products are…
a) exactly the same.
b) very different.
c) very colourful.
2. When a chemical reaction takes place, the
products can be turned back into the reactants…
a) very easily.
b) with difficulty.
c) with a magic wand.
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7F Chemical change – Test your reactions!
3. The speed of a chemical reaction…
a) is always very slow.
b) is always very fast.
c) can range from very slow to very fast.
4. The products of a chemical reaction are shown on
the left-hand side of a word equation.
a) Always.
b) Sometimes.
c) On Thursdays.
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7F Chemical change – Test your reactions!
5. The arrow in the middle of a word equation means…
a) “turn right”.
b) “react to make”.
c) “equals”.
6. The starting materials involved in a chemical reaction
are said to…
a) act like each other.
b) react with each other.
c) read to each other.
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7F Chemical change – Test your reactions!
7. Which of these processes is an example of an
everyday chemical reaction?
a) Freezing water.
b) Melting butter.
c) Baking bread.
8. Which of these is not a sign that a chemical
reaction has taken place?
a) Boiling.
b) Bubbling.
c) Blowing.
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7F Chemical change – Test your reactions!
9. When sodium metal is heated it can react with
chlorine gas. The word equation for the reaction is:
sodium + chlorine
sodium chloride
What is the product of this reaction?
a) sodium.
b) chlorine.
c) sodium chloride.
10. Rust forms when iron reacts with oxygen in the air.
The word equation for this chemical reaction is:
a) iron + rust  oxygen
b) iron + oxygen  rust
c) iron  rust + oxygen
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Exit Card: You must write in a piece
of paper and submit before you leave.
• “The difference between physical and
chemical change is ________________.
One example of a physical change is
_______________. I know this is a
physical change because_____________.
One example of a chemical change is
________________. I know this is a
chemical change because ___________.”
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STOP!
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7F Simple chemical reactions
Reactions with acid
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7F Reactions with acid - Acids in chemical reactions
What do you know about acids?
Weak acids, like lemon juice and vinegar, are harmless.
Strong acids must be handled with care.
They are dangerous because they can react easily
with materials such as skin, wood and cloth.
You need to know about the chemical reactions of acids
with metals and carbonates.
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7F Reactions with acid - Metals in chemical reactions
What do you know about metals?
Metals are usually solid, shiny and strong. They are
also good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals can be changed into new substances when they
are involved in a chemical reaction.
Some metals can react with acids.
This type of chemical reaction is called corrosion.
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7F Reactions with acid - Reaction of metals with acid
Do all metals react with acids in the same way?
sodium
magnesium
iron
lead
copper
iron
magnesium
lead
copper
- -the
the
metal
no
metal
-bubbles,
the
reacts
reacts
metal
no
slowly,
very
reacts
reaction
slowly,
producing
quickly
with
producing
with
acid
a few
thestrong
very
bubbles
acid, reaction
sodium
-- the
metal
bursts
into
flames,
a
very
few bubbles
producing lots of bubbles
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7F Reactions with acid - Reaction of metals with acid
When a metal does react with acid, the metal gets smaller
and seems to disappear.
But has the metal really disappeared?
The metal has reacted with some of the acid.
The products of this chemical reaction are a salt and the
gas hydrogen.
Complete the word equation for the reaction of a
metal with an acid:
metal
+
acid
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? + ?
7F Reactions with acid - Reaction of carbonates with acid
Carbonates are chemicals that contain carbon and oxygen.
Carbonates can react with acids.
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7F Reactions with acid - Reaction of carbonates with acid
Calcium carbonate reacts with acid to produce a
gas which turns the limewater cloudy.
What is the name of this gas?
The other products of this reaction are a salt and water.
Complete the word equation for the reaction of a
carbonate with acid:
carbonate
+ acid
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? + ? + ?
7F Simple chemical reactions
Reactions with oxygen
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7F Reactions with oxygen – What is burning?
Burning is a chemical reaction.
When things burn they react with oxygen in the air
and energy is released as heat and light.
This chemical reaction is also called combustion.
Can you name the three things needed for combustion?
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7F Reactions with oxygen – Fire triangle
A fire only burns with all three parts of the fire triangle.
oxygen
heat
This colourless gas
is needed for all
substances to burn.
Some energy is needed
to start the burning
reaction – this is usually
heat energy from a
spark or a flame.
fuel
fuel
Any substance that can burn
(or combust) is called a fuel.
How can firefighters use the fire triangle to control fires?
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7F Reactions with oxygen – Products of burning
Complete the word equation for this reaction:
carbon
+ oxygen
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?
7F Reactions with oxygen – Candle in bell jar
Oxygen is a gas found
in the air around us.
Is oxygen the only gas
found in the air?
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