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9B Fit and healthy
9B Fit and healthy
How fit are you?
Food for fitness
Caring for your health
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9B Fit and healthy
How fit are you?
© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college
9B How fit are you?
What does it mean to be fit?
If you are fit, your body is well set up for exercise.
For exercise your muscle cells need energy.
Where does this come from?
carbon dioxide
oxygen
respiration
water
glucose
energy
Which organ systems provide the things you need for
respiration?
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9B In… out… in… out...
Stand up and feel your ribs! Can you feel these
movements when you breathe in and out?
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9B Breathing and respiration
Explain these observations about breathing and
respiration.
You need to breathe faster
and deeper when you run.
Athletes tend to have big lungs.
Smokers often cannot run as fast as non-smokers.
If you are fit, your breathing rate returns to normal
quickly after exercise.
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9B Know your pelvis from your elbow
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.
Joints allow us to move.
shoulder
shouldera
Name these joints.
elbowb
Which are ball-andsocket joints?
Which are hinge joints?
hip
hipc
wristd
fingere
kneef
ankle
g
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9B Knees up!
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9B Bend it!
Muscles can only contract (get shorter)
or relax (when they can be pulled longer again).
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9B Antagonistic muscles
What are your muscles doing when you bend your arm?
Are they contracting or relaxing?
muscle group
bending the arm
straightening the arm
biceps
contracting
relaxing
triceps
relaxing
contracting
The biceps and triceps are an antagonistic pair of
muscles. What does this mean?
Muscles can only pull, not push. So one muscle pulls the
bone one way, and the paired muscle pulls it back again.
Which muscle contracts when you straighten your leg?
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9B Hot and sweaty
Contracting is hard work for muscles. They get hot.
Respiration releases energy so that they can work.
Look at these thermal images. The hot areas of the body
are red. Which exercise belongs with which image?
sit-ups
swimming
press-ups
cycling
arm
wrestling
sit-ups arm wrestling press-ups swimming
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cycling
9B Fit and healthy
Food for fitness
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9B Good for you?
Figs are bad for you. They are
full of sugar and contain little
seeds which can get stuck in
your teeth. They are full of
calories and even make some
people need to go to the toilet!
Avoid figs for a healthy diet!
Who do you think is right? Why?
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Figs are good for you. They
contain lots of vitamins. The
sugar in figs is all natural and
they help food pass through
your system. Figs are perfect
for a healthy diet!
9B Healthy diet
Apples are a healthy food. Would
apples be healthy if they were all
you ever ate?
Are there foods so unhealthy
you should not eat them at all?
Why might someone avoid a
particular food?
A healthy diet contains a good mixture of different
nutrients. What are the seven types of nutrient?
Explain why a breast-feeding mother needs a different
diet from a housebound elderly man.
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9B Vitamins and minerals
We need vitamins and minerals for our bodies to be healthy.
Match each one below to the effect caused if it is missing
from the diet.
vitamin or mineral
effect if missing
vitamin A
unhealthy
skin
night
blindness
vitamin B
weak bones
and teeth
unhealthy
skin
vitamin C
night blindness
scurvy
iron
anaemia
calcium
scurvybones and teeth
weak
What foods provide these vitamins and minerals?
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9B Cooked to death?
What happens to vitamin C when you cook vegetables?
vegetable
vitamin C score
raw
cooked at 60 °C for 1 min
cooked at 60 °C for 5 min
cooked at 60 °C for 10 min
cooked at 100 °C for 1 min
cooked at 100 °C for 5 min
cooked at 100 °C for 10 min
Which has more effect – cooking time or temperature?
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9B Fit and healthy
Caring for your health
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9B How risky?
What is the chance of
these things happening?
1 in 5
1 in 100
1 in 600 000
1 in 900 000
1 in 120 526 770
chance of...
winning the lottery jackpot this week if
you buy one ticket
1 in 120 526 770
being killed in a car accident this year
1 in 600 000
getting cancer if you are a smoker
1 in 5
getting cancer if you are a non-smoker
1 in 100
being struck by lightning this year
1 in 900 000
So how risky is smoking?
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9B Smoking
What damage does cigarette smoke do to you?
cilia
mucus
carries dust and
microbes
Smoking kills cilia
– dirtyyour
lungs!
Cilia clean
lungs.
Chemicals that cause
cancer creep into your
In the alveoli,
blood. Carbon
oxygen goes into
monoxide
stops your
your blood.
blood carrying oxygen.
Tar coats your alveoli.
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Your
beats
to
Yourheart
heart
beats
push
blood
carrying
faster
and
your
oxygen
your
bloodaround
pressure
body.
rises – heart havoc!
9B Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant.
What does this mean?
Alcohol slows down the activity in
your brain. It makes you feel
relaxed. It can make you dizzy or
even unconscious if you drink a lot.
Alcohol is addictive and some people end up
drinking too much, too often.
Too much alcohol damages the liver, causing cirrhosis.
It also causes brain damage.
What are the dangers of alcohol, apart from brain and
liver damage?
How can you avoid these dangers?
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9B Alcohol
How much alcohol is in these drinks?
1 unit
2 units
1 unit
2 units
1 unit
2 units
An adult man should drink no more than 21 units per week.
A woman should drink no more than 14 units per week.
How many small glasses of wine is that?
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9B Illegal drugs
Illegal drugs are harmful.
That’s why they’re illegal.
Why do people use illegal drugs?
Match the drug to the danger below.
drug
danger
marijuana
steroids
can make you sterile, moody and bad tempered
cocaine
marijuana
and heroin
causes smoking-related illnesses and memory loss, large
doses can cause mental illness
steroids
ecstasy
nausea, overheating, dehydration, brain damage and death;
tablets may contain other poisons
ecstasy
cocaine
and heroin
the most dangerous illegal drugs – every year many addicts
die
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9B Health quiz
1. Proteins are needed by the body for…
a) growth and repair of tissues
b) a quick energy boost when you are tired
c) stopping you falling asleep in science lessons.
2. Overcooking vegetables can be bad for your health
because...
a) cooking allows poisons to build up in vegetables and
makes them all taste like Brussel sprouts
b) the heat destroys some of the vitamins
c) you will burn your mouth when you eat them.
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9B Health quiz
3. Exercise that raises your heart rate is good for you
because…
a) it makes it easier to find your pulse
b) it strengthens the heart muscle
c) it cleans out the arteries as the blood is forced through
more quickly.
4. A doctor advised a very overweight patient not to go
jogging. Which would not be a good reason for her advice?
a) it could put a strain on your knees
b) you don’t have a good sense of direction – could get lost
c) it could put a strain on your heart.
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9B Health quiz
5. Is cannabis legal?
a) yes, provided you only have a small amount for your
own personal use
b) yes, provided you only smoke it in certain areas
c) no, cannabis is still illegal in the UK.
6. How much ecstasy can you take before you risk brain
damage and even death?
a) one tablet
b) one tablet every week
c) one tablet every month.
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