direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen
... Table 20 Calculation of greenness index for a chemical (GIC)................................................... 58 Table 21 Calculation of greenness index for a chemical formula GIF ........................................ 59 Table 22 The greenness index GIO for various oxidants .................... ...
... Table 20 Calculation of greenness index for a chemical (GIC)................................................... 58 Table 21 Calculation of greenness index for a chemical formula GIF ........................................ 59 Table 22 The greenness index GIO for various oxidants .................... ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
... levels of matter[1]. Molecular chirality plays a key role in science and technology. In particular, life depends on molecular chirality, in that many biological functions are inherently dissymmetric. Most physiological phenomena arise from highly precise molecular interactions in which chiral host m ...
... levels of matter[1]. Molecular chirality plays a key role in science and technology. In particular, life depends on molecular chirality, in that many biological functions are inherently dissymmetric. Most physiological phenomena arise from highly precise molecular interactions in which chiral host m ...
EVS - RSC - Developments in Microwave Chemistry
... include the synthesis of fine chemicals, organometallic, coordination, intercalation compounds, and nanoparticles. Microwave technology also enables chemists to achieve cleaner and more efficient chemical reactions with higher yields, compared to conventional heating methods. The microwave chemistry ...
... include the synthesis of fine chemicals, organometallic, coordination, intercalation compounds, and nanoparticles. Microwave technology also enables chemists to achieve cleaner and more efficient chemical reactions with higher yields, compared to conventional heating methods. The microwave chemistry ...
Chemical Equilibrium - 2012 Book Archive
... you need to bail out water. You grab a bucket and begin to bail. After a few minutes, your efforts against the leak keep the water to only about half an inch, but any further bailing doesn’t change the water level; the leak brings in as much water as you bail out. You are at equilibrium. Two opposin ...
... you need to bail out water. You grab a bucket and begin to bail. After a few minutes, your efforts against the leak keep the water to only about half an inch, but any further bailing doesn’t change the water level; the leak brings in as much water as you bail out. You are at equilibrium. Two opposin ...
Preliminary Screening — Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas
... In principle, syngas (primarily consisting of CO and H2) can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote ...
... In principle, syngas (primarily consisting of CO and H2) can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote ...
Slide 1
... • At any given temperature, density does not change. • No matter how much or how little C2H5OH is present, its concentration remains constant. • Therefore, the term in the denominator is a constant and can be combined with K. ...
... • At any given temperature, density does not change. • No matter how much or how little C2H5OH is present, its concentration remains constant. • Therefore, the term in the denominator is a constant and can be combined with K. ...
Biomass Program
... In principle, syngas can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic cons ...
... In principle, syngas can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic cons ...
contact - DTU Kemi
... also be quite unstable compounds. The modern variant uses alternative and more stable starting materials which are easy to produce. “Also, the new reaction offers attractive possibilities for the total synthesis of structurally very intricate organic compounds, relying on the rapid generation of mol ...
... also be quite unstable compounds. The modern variant uses alternative and more stable starting materials which are easy to produce. “Also, the new reaction offers attractive possibilities for the total synthesis of structurally very intricate organic compounds, relying on the rapid generation of mol ...
Stoichiometry and the Mole
... with the plan to network the printers together. How many laser printers did the administration have to buy? It is rather simple to show that 26 laser printers are needed for all the employees. However, what if a chemist was calculating quantities for a chemical reaction? Interestingly enough, simila ...
... with the plan to network the printers together. How many laser printers did the administration have to buy? It is rather simple to show that 26 laser printers are needed for all the employees. However, what if a chemist was calculating quantities for a chemical reaction? Interestingly enough, simila ...
Stoichiometry and the Mole - 2012 Book Archive
... the plan to network the printers together. How many laser printers did the administration have to buy? It is rather simple to show that 26 laser printers are needed for all the employees. However, what if a chemist was calculating quantities for a chemical reaction? Interestingly enough, similar cal ...
... the plan to network the printers together. How many laser printers did the administration have to buy? It is rather simple to show that 26 laser printers are needed for all the employees. However, what if a chemist was calculating quantities for a chemical reaction? Interestingly enough, similar cal ...
heterogeneous chiral catalyst derived from hydrolyzed
... drugs are now marketed as single enantiomers [21-23]. The thalidomide tragedy of the 1960’s is commonly used as an example. It is an anti-emetic drug that was prescribed to pregnant women to help combat morning sickness and to others as a sleeping aid. It was responsible for more than 15,000 damaged ...
... drugs are now marketed as single enantiomers [21-23]. The thalidomide tragedy of the 1960’s is commonly used as an example. It is an anti-emetic drug that was prescribed to pregnant women to help combat morning sickness and to others as a sleeping aid. It was responsible for more than 15,000 damaged ...
Synthesis of RNA - Stamm revision
... deprotection. Various modified phosphoramidites compatible with the 5’-O-DMT-2’-Osilyl protection scheme are commercially available from different sources (e.g., GlenResearch, ChemGenes, Berry Associates, Link Technologies, etc.). A subset of these modifications is also available via custom RNA synt ...
... deprotection. Various modified phosphoramidites compatible with the 5’-O-DMT-2’-Osilyl protection scheme are commercially available from different sources (e.g., GlenResearch, ChemGenes, Berry Associates, Link Technologies, etc.). A subset of these modifications is also available via custom RNA synt ...
Ionic Liquids Beyond Simple Solvents: Glimpses at the State of the
... Figure 4. The Hofmeister series of ions, as determined by Weingrtner and co-workers, sorted by their kosmoaid of toxic or highly reactive tropicity: ions at the beginning of the series are called kosmotropic, ions at the end are chaotropic (cf. text). chemicals. They can easily introduce chirality ...
... Figure 4. The Hofmeister series of ions, as determined by Weingrtner and co-workers, sorted by their kosmoaid of toxic or highly reactive tropicity: ions at the beginning of the series are called kosmotropic, ions at the end are chaotropic (cf. text). chemicals. They can easily introduce chirality ...
ORGANIC SOLVENTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
... Some organic solvents can be used as a component of a final product and do not have to be removed. Usually, they fulfill the function of diluents or solubilizers, mainly in liquid and semisolid drug forms when water cannot be used. Into the group of liquid pharmaceuticals, creams/ointments, as well ...
... Some organic solvents can be used as a component of a final product and do not have to be removed. Usually, they fulfill the function of diluents or solubilizers, mainly in liquid and semisolid drug forms when water cannot be used. Into the group of liquid pharmaceuticals, creams/ointments, as well ...
Future perspectives in catalysis - NRSC
... molecular processes involved in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis were better understood, experts in these two fields began to realize that they are not so different after all. One of the great achievements of the past decade is that these two fields of chemistry have merged. Experts have found ...
... molecular processes involved in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis were better understood, experts in these two fields began to realize that they are not so different after all. One of the great achievements of the past decade is that these two fields of chemistry have merged. Experts have found ...
Chemical Equilibrium
... • To express this mathematically, we use the law of chemical equilibrium. Molarity of products Equilibrium constant ...
... • To express this mathematically, we use the law of chemical equilibrium. Molarity of products Equilibrium constant ...
Ciprofloxacin Hcl (Cas No 86393-32-0)
... Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance and its chemical structure is as follows: ...
... Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance and its chemical structure is as follows: ...
The integration of flow reactors into synthetic organic chemistry
... resurgent interest in the use of flow based synthesis techniques mainly driven by the availability of several commercial laboratory flow synthesis platforms.52 – 61 During this period most academic literature within the field has focused primarily upon aspects of flow equipment development or its ap ...
... resurgent interest in the use of flow based synthesis techniques mainly driven by the availability of several commercial laboratory flow synthesis platforms.52 – 61 During this period most academic literature within the field has focused primarily upon aspects of flow equipment development or its ap ...
Document
... macrocycles onto silica and have used these materials in the analysis of a wide variety of enantiomeric and diastereomeric guests. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the intercalation of chiral cationic host molecules into R-zirconium phosphate, a lamellar cation exchanger, provides a usef ...
... macrocycles onto silica and have used these materials in the analysis of a wide variety of enantiomeric and diastereomeric guests. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the intercalation of chiral cationic host molecules into R-zirconium phosphate, a lamellar cation exchanger, provides a usef ...
Management of Peroxide Forming Chemicals
... an inert gas reduces the opportunity for oxygen to reach the compound during storage, but must be done in accordance with MSDS requirements. Inorganic peroxides are generally stable, but some can be hazardous. They may generate peroxides in the presence of organic compounds, or can react violently i ...
... an inert gas reduces the opportunity for oxygen to reach the compound during storage, but must be done in accordance with MSDS requirements. Inorganic peroxides are generally stable, but some can be hazardous. They may generate peroxides in the presence of organic compounds, or can react violently i ...
industry: applying chemical reactions
... Riverwood community needs new jobs, it’s foolish to invite either EKS Nitrogen Products Company or WYE Battery Technology Corporation to locate here to manufacture, respectively, ammonia or lithium-ion batteries, without first considering all the consequences. The promise of 200 new jobs is alluring ...
... Riverwood community needs new jobs, it’s foolish to invite either EKS Nitrogen Products Company or WYE Battery Technology Corporation to locate here to manufacture, respectively, ammonia or lithium-ion batteries, without first considering all the consequences. The promise of 200 new jobs is alluring ...
Hydrolases as Catalysts for Green Chemistry and
... Yasser Gaber is affiliated to Beni-Suef University, Egypt. He obtained his B.Sc. in pharmaceutical sciences and M.Sc. in microbiology from Cairo University. He started his Ph.D. studies in 2008 at the Biotechnology department, Lund University under the supervision of Professor Rajni Hatti-Kaul. His ...
... Yasser Gaber is affiliated to Beni-Suef University, Egypt. He obtained his B.Sc. in pharmaceutical sciences and M.Sc. in microbiology from Cairo University. He started his Ph.D. studies in 2008 at the Biotechnology department, Lund University under the supervision of Professor Rajni Hatti-Kaul. His ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... Elementary reactions occur in a single step and so have time-independent stoichiometries and do not have reaction intermediates. An elementary reaction has a single potential energy maximum in the reaction path as a function of the reaction coordinate. In contrast, the existence of one reaction inte ...
... Elementary reactions occur in a single step and so have time-independent stoichiometries and do not have reaction intermediates. An elementary reaction has a single potential energy maximum in the reaction path as a function of the reaction coordinate. In contrast, the existence of one reaction inte ...
Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics
... Analyze: We are given four equations and asked to predict the sign of ΔS for each chemical reaction. Plan: The sign of ΔS will be positive if there is an increase in temperature, an increase in the volume in which the molecules move, or an increase in the number of gas particles in the reaction. The ...
... Analyze: We are given four equations and asked to predict the sign of ΔS for each chemical reaction. Plan: The sign of ΔS will be positive if there is an increase in temperature, an increase in the volume in which the molecules move, or an increase in the number of gas particles in the reaction. The ...
Fine chemical
Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes. They are described by exacting specifications, used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $10/kg (see the comparison of fine chemicals, commodities and specialties). The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value (building blocks, advanced intermediates or active ingredients), or the type of business transaction, namely standard or exclusive products.Fine chemicals are produced in limited volumes (< 1000 tons/year) and at relatively high prices (> $10/kg) according to exacting specifications, mainly by traditional organic synthesis in multipurpose chemical plants. Biotechnical processes are gaining ground. The global production value is about $85 billion. Fine chemicals are used as starting materials for specialty chemicals, particularly pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Custom manufacturing for the life science industry plays a big role; however, a significant portion of the fine chemicals total production volume is manufactured in house by large users. The industry is fragmented and extends from small, privately owned companies to divisions of big, diversified chemical enterprises. The term ""fine chemicals"" is used in distinction to ""heavy chemicals"", which are produced and handled in large lots and are often in a crude state.Since their inception in the late 1970s, fine chemicals have become an important part of the chemical industry. The total production value of $85 billion is split about 60 / 40 among in-house production by the main consumers, the life science industry, on the one hand, and the fine chemicals industry on the other hand. The latter pursues both a “supply push” strategy, whereby standard products are developed in-house and offered ubiquitously, and a “demand pull” strategy, whereby products or services determined by the customer are provided exclusively on a “one customer / one supplier” basis. The products are mainly used as building blocks for proprietary products. The hardware of the top tier fine chemical companies has become almost identical. The design, lay-out and equipment of the plants and laboratories has become practically the same all over the world. Most chemical reactions performed go back to the days of the dyestuff industry. Numerous regulations determine the way labs and plants have to be operated, thereby contributing to the uniformity.